Issues With External Validity

Internal validity has many advantages and disadvantages when completing the study. It’s important to not make too many errors and decrease any threats as possible. Whether health care, grades, heart rate, patient wait times, etc., it’s important to have all necessary information, and presented accurate as possible on a table or graph. Being able to create a study is one thing, but facing issues in a study is another that must be contained. Issues with internal validity and external validity can be major and detrimental to the researchers’ results and the study. The issues I could face with regard to internal validity and the issues I anticipate with external validity with my study will be provided with examples.
First of all, internal validity
This issue wouldn’t be on intentional, but a lot of bias could result when the subjects are getting paid for the study. For example, if the researcher chose to send mail-in survey to subjects in certain cities of Pennsylvania such as Harleysville, Lansdale, North Wales, and Norristown, it’s too selective. Also, the researcher’s subjects are white and African American, ages 21 to 40, have a high school diploma, and single. The subjects should be broader, and not limited to certain ethnicities, education level, and marital status. The reason being why it’s too selective because those cities have more lower and middle class and it should be from upper, middle, and lower class subjects. Lastly, time-based or temporal effect can affect the results of the study for measurement effects. The measurement results from internal validity occur from the researcher trying to measure a phenomenon, (Blessing & Forister, pg. 116, 2013). It becomes a major issue when testing gets repetitive and the results are not valid. Therefore, the surveyed sample is not conducive and concise to the results. From my perspective, sampling is a problem when the researcher is not trying to be bias, but it can be
The environment and population can be affected in the study which could vastly affect the results. The issues external validity mainly fall on is people, places, and time. Examples on these three reasons will be mentioned in more detail. The goal of external validity is to generalize the world at large and not make it confined to certain populations. Population threats to my study could be an issue because the researcher may focus on one certain population of upper-class healthy individuals. For instance, the researcher may use subjects who are white, upper and middle class, age range 25-40 years old, and have an education. Then the results used to generalize the population may be low external validity. The results would be inconclusive to the study as it would not reflect the whole population. Another issue and example of external validity affecting my study is ecological validity which several studies are done in laboratory settings or conditions that are not like the conditions that would occur in the real world, (SJU, Powerpoint slide 15, 2016). For instance, the researcher’s experiment involves 50 subjects to run ten lapses in a local park, outside in 75 degree weather. The environment is not appropriate for the subjects since the weather is too warm, and needs to take place in a controlled or restricted