1. What is a pinhole camera? How do we know that these devices existed before the nineteenth century?…
1879: developed the zoopraxiscope (a projector), which could project the images large size on a screen from a motion wheel…
The first true pioneers were the Lumiére bro’s the sons of a famous portrait painter Antoine Lumiére from the 1800s. Their father then opened a company which produced photographic equipment with his sons as his employees. While working the two brothers then discovered the ‘Dry plate’ process of photography in 1881 at the young age of 17. This in turn boosted their father’s company massively and by 1894 they were producing around 15 million plates a year for the company. Due to this popularity Antoine was invited to a demonstration of Edison’s Peephole Kinescope in Paris. A kinescope is a device that allowed people to view pictures on a moving speal to give the illusion that it is moving similar flip books that people use to make animation. Antoine then brought some Kinescope film for his sons, and told them to reproduce this into something great, as producers wanted to make films in France. The brothers than began development of the kinescope in the winter, 1894. However after many months of trying to replicate the device the brothers realised There was too many issues with Edison’ Kinescope that had to be solved for example the camera being too bulky and heavy and the fact that it could only be viewed by one person at a time. So In early 1895 the brothers invented their own device for filming called a Cinématographe which was a combination of a camera, printer and a projector;. It was smaller than Edison’s first initial design as it was lightweight, made less noise and was operated by a hand crank. Due to this massive advancement in…
| |then alongside Marey, shows these photos using a Uchatius lantern and could possibly have acquired picture-motion this way. The Zoopraxiscope has been, albeit rarely, called |…
Rarely has a film impacted an audience and held the test of time as the film Gone with the Wind. I have always been curious if director, Victor Fleming and producer, David O. Selznick and screenplay writer, Sidney Howard knew what they were creating a masterpiece and how this film would have such an enormous impact on audiences for years to come. Interestingly enough there were some who thought the film should not be made, as Irving Thalberg said to Louis B. Meyer in 1936, “Forget it Louis, no Civil War picture ever made a nickel” (Ten Films that Shook the World). This romantic melodrama was released in January, 1940, yet it was at the 1939 Academy Awards that Gone with the Wind was nominated for thirteen awards, the eight awards that were won were Best Picture, Director, Actress, Supporting Actress, Screenplay, Color Cinematography, Art Direction, and Editing (Ten Films that Shook the World). ”If the total income for Gone with the Wind were to be adjusted for inflation, it would be considered the most successful of all time” (Ten Films that Shook the World). When you think of “Gone with the Wind” from a film criticism standpoint, it’s hard to judge it by the Auteur Theory, which states that the director is supreme overlord of a films artistic merit because in the case of Gone with the Wind, Fleming takes a back seat to Selznick. The film chronicles the grandeur and splendor of the Old South, how it crumbles during the Civil War and the New South during reconstruction. The characters are basically simple folk living a simple life until their world is shattered by the Civil War and this devastation creates a new world, one which will require courage and resilience to survive. Selznick genius in the aspects of cinematography lighting, sound, costumes and societal impact and genre…
The film the Minority Report with Tom Cruise falls into the American category of science fiction. Science fictional films often include scientific advances or major social changes. Being based in the year 2054, we see many imagined advances in the fields of science and technology. The whole idea of pre-crime is futuristic and incredibly advanced. Some of the properties that allow this movie to fall under the category of science fiction are the futuristic cars, the jetpacks, the ‘halos’, the screen on which Anderton watches the Precogs’ visions, and etc. The setting in which the movie takes places doesn’t show much change from now except for the advances in everyday places like where the car is parked outside of John’s home, the highway system, and the holographic screen in the G.A.P. Much of the costumes worn by the characters don’t seem to be too far from today’s wardrobe. The biggest change we see is the jumpsuits worn by the precogs in the Temple.…
film and video- photographs shot in sequence, when projected the still images give the illusion of movement…
5. The inventors of the Kinetoscope predicted the real money in motion pictures would be…
Two vastly different cinematic forms emerged in the later 1910s and 1920s: the Soviet Montage movement and the Classical Hollywood cinema. Both styles are simply ways to further alter films in a more creative manner. The Soviet Montage movement was one of the biggest contributions of the film industry in the Soviet Union to worldwide cinema, which relied heavily on editing. The Soviet Montage uses a series of images which connect together, making up the entirety of the film. In the American film industry, the Golden Age of cinema began in the late 1920s with the Classical Hollywood style. Classical Hollywood style employs continuity editing and a more structured narrative—the beginning, middle, and end.…
Around that time, Joseph Nicephore Niepce invented Heliograph technique, and produced the first photography that remained as the first permanent photograph. Inspired by him, Louis Daquerre invented Daguerreotype, then William Henry Fox Talbot invented advanced Calotype process of photography and re-inspired others to reach to current day’s technology of photography.…
Fiction films are often stigmatised by historians, as they distort the truth, causing problems when trying to use them as a source. Their wildly varying content matter, inaccuracies, and bias make them hard to use. Film does not simply suggest a worldview; it states, and we experience, its existence as truth, which is the fundamental power and danger it poses to the observer. One cannot deny, however, film’s phenomenal impact in the twentieth century, drastically changing the way we see the world and how we absorb information. In this way, film is best considered as one stage in the ongoing history of communications. As a historical medium, therefore, fiction film can be very valuable, as despite fictitious content, it still has the potential…
In the midst of the Hollywood’s Classical era, both David Lean’s 1945 film Brief Encounter and Frank Capra’s 1934 film It Happened One Night are stories of restrained romance, supressed largely by the censorship codes of the time. Brief Encounter is a melancholy, noir-like film that gives its main characters little satisfaction in the end and emphasizes the importance of faithfulness to one’s marriage. It Happened One Night is also focused on marriage, but gives the characters a happy ending and allows for more progressive thought, despite being the earlier film. Brief Encounter is full of passion, which can only be expressed through censorship…
3. An initial long shot that orients the viewer in space and introduces the setting is called…
The events that took place during the Holocaust began to make its way to film during post-World War II America. In the 1950’s, the film The Diary of Anne Frank, and the Judgment at Nuremberg and the TV show This is Your Life gave the American audience an understanding of the disturbing events. The objective, of most TV and film writers that chose to portray the Holocaust, was to get the American audience to connect with the Jewish people. Through watching universalized versions of the Holocaust American audiences were easily able to identify with the subject and characters on film because they were able to relate it to themselves as well as current events in America. Nice introduction…
Hearing early in 1609 that a Dutch optician, named Lippershey, had produced an instrument by which the apparent size of remote objects was magnified, Galileo at once realized the principle by which such a result could alone be achieved, and, after a single night devoted to consideration of the laws of refraction, he succeeded in constructing a telescope which magnified three times, its magnifying power being soon increased to thirty-two.…