International business environment
TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
Course Code : IBO – 01
Course Title : International Business Environment
Assignment Code : IBO – 01/TMA/2013-14
Coverage : All Blocks
1. Explain in detail four of the main multilateral environmental agreements with trade provisions.
A. CITES
Objectives and Overview of CITES
The principle objective of CITES, which entered into force in July 1975, is to ensure that international trade in specimens of certain wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of these species. Annual international wildlife trade is estimated to be worth billions of dollars and to include hundreds of millions of plant and animal specimens. Levels of exploitation of some animal and plant species are so high that unregulated trade in them, together with other factors such as habitat loss, is capable of heavily depleting or destroying their populations. CITES was thus conceived as an international effort to safeguard certain species from over-exploitation.
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The CITES Preamble recognizes that wild fauna and flora are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the Earth that must be protected for future generations. Contracting States were also conscious, however, of the ever-growing value of wild fauna and flora from aesthetic, scientific, cultural and economic points of view. CITES therefore does not serve as an embargo on wildlife trade but subjects international trade in selected species to certain controls. It requires that the import, export, re-export and introduction from the sea of these species be authorized through a permitting system.
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The species covered by CITES are listed in three Appendices, depending on the level of the threat of extinction they face as a result of international trade. Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction, in which trade is only exceptionally permitted.
Appendix II includes species not necessarily
Course Code : IBO – 01
Course Title : International Business Environment
Assignment Code : IBO – 01/TMA/2013-14
Coverage : All Blocks
1. Explain in detail four of the main multilateral environmental agreements with trade provisions.
A. CITES
Objectives and Overview of CITES
The principle objective of CITES, which entered into force in July 1975, is to ensure that international trade in specimens of certain wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of these species. Annual international wildlife trade is estimated to be worth billions of dollars and to include hundreds of millions of plant and animal specimens. Levels of exploitation of some animal and plant species are so high that unregulated trade in them, together with other factors such as habitat loss, is capable of heavily depleting or destroying their populations. CITES was thus conceived as an international effort to safeguard certain species from over-exploitation.
38
The CITES Preamble recognizes that wild fauna and flora are an irreplaceable part of the natural systems of the Earth that must be protected for future generations. Contracting States were also conscious, however, of the ever-growing value of wild fauna and flora from aesthetic, scientific, cultural and economic points of view. CITES therefore does not serve as an embargo on wildlife trade but subjects international trade in selected species to certain controls. It requires that the import, export, re-export and introduction from the sea of these species be authorized through a permitting system.
39
The species covered by CITES are listed in three Appendices, depending on the level of the threat of extinction they face as a result of international trade. Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction, in which trade is only exceptionally permitted.
Appendix II includes species not necessarily