Inheritence
OF
ON
DETERMINATION OF WAVE FUNCTION OF sp² & sp³ hybrid orbital.
Submitted To
DR. A.S DHINDSA Submitted By SAPNA M.Sc Chemistry (1) R293A11 10808188
INTRODUCTION:- In Hybridization , there are three types of hybrid orbital – sp, sp², sp³ .Subscripts 2, 3 indicates that the shapes of hybrid orbitals are different from those of the parent orbitals. e.g.:- s orbital is spherical & p orbital is dumb-bell shaped and thus, the shape of the bigger lobe of sp hybrid orbital which results from the mixing of one s & one p orbital, is different. It has the characteristics of both the mixing orbitals, and thus has an oval shape. The bigger lobes of sp² hybrid orbitals which result from the combination of one s & two p orbitals are pear shaped because of the greater contribution of two dumb-bell shaped p orbitals. In the case of sp³ hybrid orbitals which result from the mixing of one s & three p orbitals, the contribution of three p orbitals predominates over the contribution of one s orbital.
RULES FOR CONSRUCTING WAVE
FUNCTIONS FOR HYBRID ORBITALS
*1:- The Wave functions of hybrid orbitals are constructed by taking into consideration the linear combination of the wave function of the appropriate AOs. Thus, wave function of the ith hybrid orbital formed from s & p AOs is Ψi = a i фs +bi фpx+ci фpy+di фpz Where фs ,фpx ,фpy ,ф pz are the atomic orbital wave functions which constitute an orthogonal set .Two wave functions фm & фn
Are said to form a orthogonal set if ∫ фn фn dґ = 1 The coefficients of wave functions ai , bi ,ci ,di can be calculated by three
ON
DETERMINATION OF WAVE FUNCTION OF sp² & sp³ hybrid orbital.
Submitted To
DR. A.S DHINDSA Submitted By SAPNA M.Sc Chemistry (1) R293A11 10808188
INTRODUCTION:- In Hybridization , there are three types of hybrid orbital – sp, sp², sp³ .Subscripts 2, 3 indicates that the shapes of hybrid orbitals are different from those of the parent orbitals. e.g.:- s orbital is spherical & p orbital is dumb-bell shaped and thus, the shape of the bigger lobe of sp hybrid orbital which results from the mixing of one s & one p orbital, is different. It has the characteristics of both the mixing orbitals, and thus has an oval shape. The bigger lobes of sp² hybrid orbitals which result from the combination of one s & two p orbitals are pear shaped because of the greater contribution of two dumb-bell shaped p orbitals. In the case of sp³ hybrid orbitals which result from the mixing of one s & three p orbitals, the contribution of three p orbitals predominates over the contribution of one s orbital.
RULES FOR CONSRUCTING WAVE
FUNCTIONS FOR HYBRID ORBITALS
*1:- The Wave functions of hybrid orbitals are constructed by taking into consideration the linear combination of the wave function of the appropriate AOs. Thus, wave function of the ith hybrid orbital formed from s & p AOs is Ψi = a i фs +bi фpx+ci фpy+di фpz Where фs ,фpx ,фpy ,ф pz are the atomic orbital wave functions which constitute an orthogonal set .Two wave functions фm & фn
Are said to form a orthogonal set if ∫ фn фn dґ = 1 The coefficients of wave functions ai , bi ,ci ,di can be calculated by three