Inherited Cancer Research Papers

The cell cycle is a process in which cells replicate and divides to produce daughter cells with the exact genetic information. The cell cycle is controlled by a series of signals or steps. This process also includes mechanisms to ensure errors are corrected, and if not, the cell commit suicide (apoptosis). In cancer cell this process become different as a result of genetic mutations, this process or malfunctions are a result of uncontrolled cells proliferation.

The cell cycle has three different stages: Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis. Interphase has three parts; G1, S and G2. During the G1 process the cell grows and prepares to synthesize DNA which means that the cell grows and make its own proteins . In G1 the cell determines
Inherited cancer is associated with DNA, all inherited cancers are related to the Genes, but some of the genetic changes are the result of environmental exposures that damage DNA . These exposures include substances, such as chemicals in tobacco smoke, or radiation such as radio ultraviolet rays from the sun. Some people are born with a gene mutation that they inherited from their mother or father. This damaged gene puts them at a higher risk for cancer to occur. When cancer occurs because of an inherited gene mutation, it is referred to “hereditary cancer”. For example the most common inherited syndrome that increase cancer risk for colon cancer is called hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC), or lynch syndrome. People with this syndrome have a high risk of colorectal cancer. However, when we talk about environmental factors people can avoid some cancer causing exposures, such as tobacco smoke, and the sun’s rays. But other factors are harder to avoid, specially if they are the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, or materials that we use in our daily living. Some examples are nickel compounds a occupational exposure is mainly through inhalation of dust particles and fumes or through skin contact. The exposure in nickel compounds is associated with increased risks of lung cancer, and nasal cancer. Another example is
Each of the spots on an array contains single-stranded DNA molecules that correspond to a single gene. A array can contain a few, or thousands of genes. The purpose of microarray is to detect DNA or mRNA to allow scientist to perform experiments on thousands of genes at the same time. A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface, each spot represents one gene, and also it is used to measure the gene expression via cDNA which is called expression analysis or expression profiling. The first step to use microarray is to collect healthy and cancerous tissue samples from the patient, this way, doctor can look at what genes are turned on and off in the healthy cell compared to the cancerous cell, after the tissue samples are obtained, the mRNA is isolated from the samples. And the results of microarray are interpreted by color-coded with fluorescent tags and used to make DNA copy. (the healthy cell is dyed green and the mRNA from the abnormal cell is dyed