Industrial Revolution and the Civil War
James R. Hamilton
J. Haar
HIST 1103-002
10/31/2012
Exam #2
Identification and Significance
1. McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland was a Supreme Court case in March 1819. In this particular case, the state of Maryland had levied a tax on the Baltimore branch of the federal Bank of the United States. The unanimous decision that the tax was in fact unconstitutional was delivered by Supreme Court Chief Justice at the time, John Marshall. This case is significant because it set precedence in two areas; whether the federal government had the right to create a federal bank and whether or not a state could tax a federal agency or institution. Because of this case, the federal government was allowed “implied powers” and states were denied the right to tax federal agencies (Divine 312-313).
2. War of 1812 Beginning in 1812 and ending in 1815, the War of 1812 was a war between American forces and British troops. The reasons that America felt war was necessary included violations of American maritime rights by the British, impressment of United States citizens into the British navy, provocation of the Native Americans, and a defense of national honor and stature. The war was fought primarily in the northern United States and Canada and concluded with an American victory at the battle of New Orleans on January 8th, 1815 where the U.S. troops under Andrew Jackson very quickly diminished British forces. The war effectively became known as the “Second War for Independence” by some and forced Britain to abandon their presence in North America (Divine 280-282).
3. Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine is the name given to the foreign policy created by President James Monroe in 1823. This policy declared the entire western hemisphere off limits to European colonization. In return for compliance with this declaration, the United States promised to remain removed from European affairs and wars. This is an important doctrine because it shaped the
J. Haar
HIST 1103-002
10/31/2012
Exam #2
Identification and Significance
1. McCulloch v. Maryland McCulloch v. Maryland was a Supreme Court case in March 1819. In this particular case, the state of Maryland had levied a tax on the Baltimore branch of the federal Bank of the United States. The unanimous decision that the tax was in fact unconstitutional was delivered by Supreme Court Chief Justice at the time, John Marshall. This case is significant because it set precedence in two areas; whether the federal government had the right to create a federal bank and whether or not a state could tax a federal agency or institution. Because of this case, the federal government was allowed “implied powers” and states were denied the right to tax federal agencies (Divine 312-313).
2. War of 1812 Beginning in 1812 and ending in 1815, the War of 1812 was a war between American forces and British troops. The reasons that America felt war was necessary included violations of American maritime rights by the British, impressment of United States citizens into the British navy, provocation of the Native Americans, and a defense of national honor and stature. The war was fought primarily in the northern United States and Canada and concluded with an American victory at the battle of New Orleans on January 8th, 1815 where the U.S. troops under Andrew Jackson very quickly diminished British forces. The war effectively became known as the “Second War for Independence” by some and forced Britain to abandon their presence in North America (Divine 280-282).
3. Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine is the name given to the foreign policy created by President James Monroe in 1823. This policy declared the entire western hemisphere off limits to European colonization. In return for compliance with this declaration, the United States promised to remain removed from European affairs and wars. This is an important doctrine because it shaped the