Industrial Revolution and Imperialism

Industrial Revolution THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND, AND SPREAD TO THE REST OF WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES. WITH THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, CAME AN INCREASED DEMAND FOR RAW MATERIALS FROM THE AMERICAS, ASIA, AND AFRICA. ADVANCEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY PRODUCED THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, WHILE ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCE AND MEDICINE ALTERED THE LIVES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE NEW INDUSTRIAL CITIES. CULTURAL CHANGES SOON FOLLOWED. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES WERE BASED ON THE FAMILY UNIT. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FAMILY. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PLACED NEW DEMANDS ON THE LABOR OF MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN. WORKERS ORGANIZED LABOR UNIONS TO FIGHT FOR IMPROVED WORKING CONDITIONS AND WORKERS’ RIGHTS.

Industrial Revolution • Origin in England, because of its natural resources like coal, iron ore, and the invention and improvement of the steam engine • Spread to Europe and the United States • Role of cotton textile, iron, and steel industries • Relationship to the British Enclosure Movement • Rise of the factory system and demise of cottage industries • Rising economic powers that wanted to control raw materials and markets throughout the world Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution • James Watt—Steam engine • John Kay – flying shuttle • James Hargreaves – spinning jenny • Richard Arkwright – water frame • Eli Whitney—Cotton gin • Henry Bessemer—Process for making steel Advancements in science and medicine • Edward Jenner—Developed smallpox vaccination • Louis Pasteur—Discovered bacteria and developed pasteurization process to kill bacteria • Charles Darwin – Theory of Evolution Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries • Population increase • Eventually increased standards of living for many, though not all • Improved