Imperial China Collapses
Imperial China Collapses
Objectives
• List the problems the new Republic of China faced
• Trace the rise of communism in China
• Describe the civil war between Communists and Nationalists
Main Idea: Revolution: After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalists and Communist movements struggled for power
Why it matters Now: The seeds of China’s late-20th century political thought, communism were planted at this time
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
• Kuomintang, or the Nationalist Party, leader was Sun Yixian in 1911 overthrow the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, which ruled since 1644
• Sun hoped to establish a modern government based on the “Three Principles of the People”
1. Nationalism - an end to foreign control
2. People’s rights - democracy
3. People’s livelihood - economic security for all Chinese
• “The Chinese people … do not have national spirit..” Sun
• Sun lacked the authority and military support to secure national unity.
• Sun turned over the presidency to Yuan Shikai, who quickly betrayed the democratic ideals of the revolution. His actions sparked local revolts
• After he died, civil war broke out and authority fell into the hands of provincial warlords or powerful military leaders
World War I Spells More Problems
• China declared war against Germany believing that for China’s participation the thankful Allies would return control of Chinese territories that had previously belonged to Germany
• Under the Treaty of Versailles, the Allied leaders gave Japan those territories
• May Fourth Movement angry students gathered in the center of Beijing, which led to a national movement • These demonstrations showed the Chines people’s commitment to the goal of establishing a strong, modern nation.
The Communist Party in China
• Mao Zedong was among the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
• Mao believed he could bring revolution to a rural country where peasants could be the true revolutionaries.
Lenin Befriends China
• Like the Communists, Sun
Objectives
• List the problems the new Republic of China faced
• Trace the rise of communism in China
• Describe the civil war between Communists and Nationalists
Main Idea: Revolution: After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalists and Communist movements struggled for power
Why it matters Now: The seeds of China’s late-20th century political thought, communism were planted at this time
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
• Kuomintang, or the Nationalist Party, leader was Sun Yixian in 1911 overthrow the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, which ruled since 1644
• Sun hoped to establish a modern government based on the “Three Principles of the People”
1. Nationalism - an end to foreign control
2. People’s rights - democracy
3. People’s livelihood - economic security for all Chinese
• “The Chinese people … do not have national spirit..” Sun
• Sun lacked the authority and military support to secure national unity.
• Sun turned over the presidency to Yuan Shikai, who quickly betrayed the democratic ideals of the revolution. His actions sparked local revolts
• After he died, civil war broke out and authority fell into the hands of provincial warlords or powerful military leaders
World War I Spells More Problems
• China declared war against Germany believing that for China’s participation the thankful Allies would return control of Chinese territories that had previously belonged to Germany
• Under the Treaty of Versailles, the Allied leaders gave Japan those territories
• May Fourth Movement angry students gathered in the center of Beijing, which led to a national movement • These demonstrations showed the Chines people’s commitment to the goal of establishing a strong, modern nation.
The Communist Party in China
• Mao Zedong was among the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
• Mao believed he could bring revolution to a rural country where peasants could be the true revolutionaries.
Lenin Befriends China
• Like the Communists, Sun