Impact of Jet
1.0 ABSTRACT
The purpose of the impact of jet experiment is to design a system to determine the force generated by the impact of jet on a variety of target vanes. A formula is given to calculate the reaction force at the different vanes caused by the jet. At the end of the experiment, the data collected and results calculated will then be compared to theoretical values which are given. Students are expected to be able to come to a conclusion regarding the relationship between the reaction force produced at the target vanes and the angle where the shape of the vanes curve.
1.1 INTRODUCTION There are many ways to produce mechanical work from fluid under pressure. One of the famous ways is to use the pressure to accelerate the fluid to a high velocity in a jet. Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the force that can be produced by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. For example, the pelton wheel has been used to make flour. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in tall buildings. Fluid jets are also used in industry for cutting metals and debarring. This goes to show the importance of applications of the fluid jet in the technological aspects of various fields in our society. This experiment aims at assessing the different forces exerted by the same water jet on a variety of geometrically different plates. A ‘jet impact apparatus’ is used to carry out this experiment whereby three vanes of different geometrical properties are used. The results obtained experimentally are to be compared with the ones inferred from theory through utilizing the applicable versions of the Bernoulli and momentum equations.
2.0 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
2.1 MATERIALS
1. The Jet Impact Apparatus ( as shown in the figure ) 2. Volumetric Hydraulic Bench/Water 3. 3 different shape of vanes; Flat Plate, Conical Cup, and Hemispherical Cup 4.
The purpose of the impact of jet experiment is to design a system to determine the force generated by the impact of jet on a variety of target vanes. A formula is given to calculate the reaction force at the different vanes caused by the jet. At the end of the experiment, the data collected and results calculated will then be compared to theoretical values which are given. Students are expected to be able to come to a conclusion regarding the relationship between the reaction force produced at the target vanes and the angle where the shape of the vanes curve.
1.1 INTRODUCTION There are many ways to produce mechanical work from fluid under pressure. One of the famous ways is to use the pressure to accelerate the fluid to a high velocity in a jet. Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the force that can be produced by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. For example, the pelton wheel has been used to make flour. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in tall buildings. Fluid jets are also used in industry for cutting metals and debarring. This goes to show the importance of applications of the fluid jet in the technological aspects of various fields in our society. This experiment aims at assessing the different forces exerted by the same water jet on a variety of geometrically different plates. A ‘jet impact apparatus’ is used to carry out this experiment whereby three vanes of different geometrical properties are used. The results obtained experimentally are to be compared with the ones inferred from theory through utilizing the applicable versions of the Bernoulli and momentum equations.
2.0 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
2.1 MATERIALS
1. The Jet Impact Apparatus ( as shown in the figure ) 2. Volumetric Hydraulic Bench/Water 3. 3 different shape of vanes; Flat Plate, Conical Cup, and Hemispherical Cup 4.
References: * Massey, B.S. (1989). Mechanics of Fluids. 6th Ed, Chapman & Hall. * White F.M.(1994). Fluid Mechanics. 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill. * Van Dyke M.(1982).An Album of Fluid Motion. Parabolic Press. * Coulson, J.M.; and Richardson, J.F. Chemical Engineering, Volume 1. 6th Ed.,Butterworth-Heinemann. * web.cecs.pdx.edu.(No date). Impact of A Jet. Available at: http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~gerry/class/EAS361/lab/pdf/lab4_impactOfJet.pdf [Accessed 15 May 2013] * codecogs.com. (No date). Impact of jets. Available at: http://www.codecogs.com/reference/engineering/fluid_mechanics/jet/impact_of_jets.php [Accessed 15 May 2013] * http://staff.fit.ac.cy. (No date). Impact of A Jet. Available at: http://staff.fit.ac.cy/eng.fm/classes/amee202/Fluids%20Lab%20Impact%20of%20a%20Jet.pdf [Accessed 15 May 2013]