Impact of Ict on the Managerial Roles
HE RENAISSANCE OF GENERAL MANAGEMENT
It is easy to forget just how ancient the practice of management is. Only within the last century did people begin to reflect systematically on their experiences and observations in attempts to sort out and identify those managerial practices that seemed to work better than others. These better practices were called principles but more closely resembled guides to managerial thought and action than scientific fact.
Henry Fayol was the first to propose a general theory of management. He defined theory as “a collection of principles, rules, methods, and procedures tried and checked by general experience.
Fayol’s Intellectual Heirs
Newman, 1948, defined administration as “the guidance, leadership, and control of the efforts of a group of individuals toward some common goal” and developed a logical process of administration as a separate intellectual activity
Terry, defined management as “the activity which plans, organizes, and controls the operations of the basic elements of men, materials, machines, methods, money, and markets, providing direction and coordination, and giving leadership to human efforts, so as to achieve the sought objectives of the enterprise”
Terry defined a principle as “a fundamental statement providing a guide to action,” and his principles, like Fayol’s, were lighthouses to knowledge and not laws in a scientific sense
Harold Koontz (19098-1984) and Cyril O’Donnell (1900-1976) defined management as “the function of getting things done through others”. They furthered Fayol’s ideas and sought to provide a conceptual framework for the orderly presentation of the principles of management.
They attempted to identify management as a distinct intellectual activity and sought a generally accepted body of knowledge that could be distilled into principles hence lead to a general theory of management
Management Education: Challenges and Responses
Gordon and Howell noted at least four different aspects
It is easy to forget just how ancient the practice of management is. Only within the last century did people begin to reflect systematically on their experiences and observations in attempts to sort out and identify those managerial practices that seemed to work better than others. These better practices were called principles but more closely resembled guides to managerial thought and action than scientific fact.
Henry Fayol was the first to propose a general theory of management. He defined theory as “a collection of principles, rules, methods, and procedures tried and checked by general experience.
Fayol’s Intellectual Heirs
Newman, 1948, defined administration as “the guidance, leadership, and control of the efforts of a group of individuals toward some common goal” and developed a logical process of administration as a separate intellectual activity
Terry, defined management as “the activity which plans, organizes, and controls the operations of the basic elements of men, materials, machines, methods, money, and markets, providing direction and coordination, and giving leadership to human efforts, so as to achieve the sought objectives of the enterprise”
Terry defined a principle as “a fundamental statement providing a guide to action,” and his principles, like Fayol’s, were lighthouses to knowledge and not laws in a scientific sense
Harold Koontz (19098-1984) and Cyril O’Donnell (1900-1976) defined management as “the function of getting things done through others”. They furthered Fayol’s ideas and sought to provide a conceptual framework for the orderly presentation of the principles of management.
They attempted to identify management as a distinct intellectual activity and sought a generally accepted body of knowledge that could be distilled into principles hence lead to a general theory of management
Management Education: Challenges and Responses
Gordon and Howell noted at least four different aspects