Preview

Immunosuppression Case Study

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1098 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Immunosuppression Case Study
Immunosuppression:
Immunosuppression was performed by giving the animals synthetic corticosteroids (dexamethasone) orally at a dose of 0.25 mg/g/day for 14 successive days prior to inoculation with Cryptosporidium oocysts (Rehg et al., 1988). The mice continued to receive dexamethasone at the same dose throughout the experiment.
The oocysts:
Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were obtained from naturally infected calves from slaughter houses by collection of scrapings of the ileal mucous membrane and cecal content (Anderson, 1985). The samples were examined for confirmation of the presence of oocysts by modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method (Henriksen and Pohlenz ,1981).
The infective samples were preserved by mixing with an equal volume of 2.5% potassium dichromate, in accordance with Current et al. 1983 and Campbell and Current. 1983. The infective inoculum was prepared in accordance with Reese et al., 1982. The number of oocysts of Cryptosporidium in the stock inoculums was determined using a hemocytometer (Zierdt, 1984). The infection
All mice in the studied groups except the control negative groups were orally infected with the prepared inoculums of Cryptosporidium oocysts; this occurred on
…show more content…
Infrared was recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 1650 FT-IR spectrophotometer, using a sample in KBr disks. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Gemini (300 MHZ), using TMS as an internal standard and DMSO-d6 as solvent. Mass spectra were taken on Shimadzu GCMS QP-1000EX instrument by direct inlet technique, at beam energy 70 eV. The 3-acetylquinolinone AQ was prepared according to literature method (Roscheger and Stadlbauer, 1990).
2-(1-Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    The patient is a 20-year-old white female. She came in to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, sore throat, body aches and a headache. The patient has a medical history of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and she stated that she went through early menopause at the age of 17. The patient also says that she has a weak immune system and gets sick often.…

    • 276 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    What animal can transmit Cryptococcus? Bird species tend to transmit Cryptococcus. Especially in old pigeon feces and bat guano.…

    • 595 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Bio Quiz

    • 290 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Postulate #2: the organism should be isolated from the tissues of the infected animal and grown in a pure culture…

    • 290 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Wittig Reaction Lab Report

    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Although the yield of our reaction was mediocre, the purity of the sample (as analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR) was poor. There are many factors that may have caused poor purity, of which include reaction incompletion during exposure to microwave radiation, poor mixing, and poor product isolation during column chromatography. As seen in the 1H NMR spectrum, impurity peaks (>10%) corresponding to methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetate, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane were identified. The phosphonium ylide peak indicates that the reaction did not go to completion (leftover starting material). Meanwhile, the acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane peaks show there was residual solvent in the sample submitted for NMR analysis (compounds were not in reaction scheme). Because acetone, ethyl acetate, and hexane are volatile, we deduced that our evaporation of the final product was…

    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Description: The history of Glo Germ Gel, the simulated germ product I will be using for my experiment.…

    • 265 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Small Pox History

    • 616 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The reason for this is that in spite of its indeterminate origin vaccinia virus was the basis for extremely effective vaccines. It is important to notice that orthopoxviruses are known to be immunologically cross-reactive and cross-protective, therefore infection with any member of this genus provides protection against infection with any other member of the genus (10, 13). Systematic vaccination against smallpox began in the early 19th century, but the real breakthrough in the eradication of smallpox happened in 1967 when the World Health Organization (WHO) initiated worldwide vaccination campaigns. The last known natural case of smallpox occurred in 1977 (14). Consequentially, in May 1980 the WHO declared that smallpox had been eradicated, ceasing the vaccination (10, 15 - 17). Because of the cessation of the vaccination against smallpox after its eradication 36 years ago, a tremendous part of the world human population currently has no immunity not only against smallpox, but also against any other orthopoxvirus infections (13, 18). As a consequence of this new situation, there is a possibility for the orthopoxviruses to circulate in the human…

    • 616 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Microbiology

    • 656 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Samples of S. cerevisiae and S. epidermidis were placed into sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions of 1, 7 and 15 percent which were supplied in the lab kit. The S. cerevisiae results are as follows. After 24 hours of observation there was a moderate amount of growth in the 1% NaCl solution which had a cloudy overall appearance and the growth appeared to be even throughout the specimen. There was minimal growth in the 7% NaCl solution and most of that growth was adhering to the sidewall of the tube. No growth was observed in the 15% NaCl solution. The results of the S. epidermidis specimens were very similar to those of S. cerevisiae. In the 1% NaCl solution a large amount of growth was noted. This specimen was not as cloudy as that of the S. cerevisiae but growth was consistent throughout the tube. Moderate growth was noted in the 7% NaCl…

    • 656 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    | Alterations in the Immune and Inflammatory Response * Inflammation and immunity * Alterations in immune function…

    • 485 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Mad Cow Disease

    • 1507 Words
    • 7 Pages

    National Center for Infectious Disease, Retrieved January 6, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/bse_cjd_qa.htm…

    • 1507 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Parasite Host Relationship

    • 1602 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Throughout this course we have discussed the ways in which parasites manage to reside in a host, resist the immune system of the host, and keep the host alive long enough to successfully reproduce. Their ability to do this very thing has made them expert survivalists, and have allowed for adaption to the host. Researchers now know depending on the host, as well as the parasite, the form in which the parasite enters their host varies and will initiate a varying immune response. By studying parasite life cycles researchers have begun identifying the ways the typical immune system will respond to certain forms and species of parasites. By identifying the magnitude of the response, as well as the type of response researchers hope to develop more efficient vaccines and treatments for parasite burden, but in doing so have discovered the parasite host relationship offers information that can be utilized to treat immune related diseases in…

    • 1602 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Apr. 2005, p. 2184–2189 0019-9567/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2184–2189.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.…

    • 6157 Words
    • 25 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Fungal Meningitis

    • 1464 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Andes D and Casadevali A. 2013. Insights into fungal pathogenesis from the iatrogenic epidemic of Exserohilum rostratum fungal meningitis. Journal of fungal genetics and Biology. Vol 61: 143-145…

    • 1464 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Chapter 9 Biology

    • 739 Words
    • 3 Pages

    To determine whether the capsule on the S bacteria were causing the mice to die, Griffith injected the mice with dead S bacteria. The mice remained healthy. Griffith then prepared a vaccine of weakened S bacteria by raising their temperature to a point at which the bacteria were “heat-killed” meaning that they could no longer reproduce ( the capsule remained on the bacteria).…

    • 739 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    ear infection

    • 1274 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Many human infections are caused by either bacteria or viruses. Immunisation is available to prevent many important bacterial diseases. Viruses pose a considerable challenge to the body’s immune system because they hide inside cells. This makes it difficult for antibodies to reach them. A majority of children, at one time or other suffers some or the other form of fungal infection. For instance, if a child develops a rash on the buttocks or white patches in the mouth, it is as a result of fungal or yeast infection. A child’s immune system isn’t as effective as an adult’s because it’s still developing. This makes it harder for children to fight infections.…

    • 1274 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Mystery Microbe

    • 2499 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Materials and Methods: A stock culture, labelled 25, was stored at room temperature (in the lab desk). A transfer loop was sterilized and a sample of the stock was transmitted to a tube of sterile BHI broth (for a working culture) and also to an agar plate and incubated for 24 hours. From the incubated plate, distinct and well isolated waxy, yellowish colonies appeared. Another sample was applied to a glass slide, heat fixed and a Gram stain test was performed. From the list of several possible choices for the unknowns, about half are eliminated. Table 1 indicates the tests that were performed on the unknown sample, all materials required for each test, as well as factors determining a positive or negative result.…

    • 2499 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays