Immunogen & Antigen
* Differentiate between Immunogenicity and Antigenicity. Vaccinations are modified diseases. Immunogen: any agent capable of inducing an immune response. Antigen: any agent capable of binding specifically to components of the immune system (lock and key) All immunogens are antigens but not vice versa.
High molecular weight: substances > 6000 Da are generally immunogenic
From 1000-6000 -> may or may not be immunogenic.
Haptens: antigens which are not immnogens (molecular weight too low and chemically simple)
Combines haptens with protein carriers to be big enough. Chemical complexity: generally, increase complexity increases immunogenicity.
Dinitrophenol combined w -something - --> combines
Degradability: b cells recognise antigens found on surface of any pathogen(proteins and non-proteins)
T cells only able to recognise proteins and only able to recognise Antigen presenting cells.
Enzymatic degradation of antigen is done by APC.
Epitopes: MHC CLASS 1 MOLECULES COMBINE WITH EPITOPES to the t-cells. D-amino acids cant go through enzymatic degradation whereas the L-amino acids CAN BE. Hence vaccinations are made up of l-amino acids.
Non-proteins cannot usually be degraded. 3 types of injections: intravenous ; intramuscular ; sub-cutaneous (into adipose tissues OR fats)
BCR and TCR => b/t-cell receptor Accesible -> found on outside of the pathogen (hence accessible)
Adjuvants: chemicals which are added to an antigen to increase an immune repsonse
Trying to say that the antigen is ALREADY ABLE to induce an immune reponse (hence haptens is not in this group) , but the magnitude is not great enough. When antigens is mixed with adjuvants, magnitude response is heightened Make it more obvious by precipitation of antigens by adjuvants
Primary response: vaccinations. (first time)
Secondary response: (second time ) the response is faster as the antigen is not
High molecular weight: substances > 6000 Da are generally immunogenic
From 1000-6000 -> may or may not be immunogenic.
Haptens: antigens which are not immnogens (molecular weight too low and chemically simple)
Combines haptens with protein carriers to be big enough. Chemical complexity: generally, increase complexity increases immunogenicity.
Dinitrophenol combined w -something - --> combines
Degradability: b cells recognise antigens found on surface of any pathogen(proteins and non-proteins)
T cells only able to recognise proteins and only able to recognise Antigen presenting cells.
Enzymatic degradation of antigen is done by APC.
Epitopes: MHC CLASS 1 MOLECULES COMBINE WITH EPITOPES to the t-cells. D-amino acids cant go through enzymatic degradation whereas the L-amino acids CAN BE. Hence vaccinations are made up of l-amino acids.
Non-proteins cannot usually be degraded. 3 types of injections: intravenous ; intramuscular ; sub-cutaneous (into adipose tissues OR fats)
BCR and TCR => b/t-cell receptor Accesible -> found on outside of the pathogen (hence accessible)
Adjuvants: chemicals which are added to an antigen to increase an immune repsonse
Trying to say that the antigen is ALREADY ABLE to induce an immune reponse (hence haptens is not in this group) , but the magnitude is not great enough. When antigens is mixed with adjuvants, magnitude response is heightened Make it more obvious by precipitation of antigens by adjuvants
Primary response: vaccinations. (first time)
Secondary response: (second time ) the response is faster as the antigen is not