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Hydraulic Fracking

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Hydraulic Fracking
Hydraulic Fracturing
(“Fracking”)

LAS 432 – Technology, Society, and Culture
Team B
Michael Griffin
Mark Hartwick
Alena Hutson
Kansas Gentry
Kevin Gracia

Professor Douglas McCoy
8/24/12

Contents
Thesis…………………………………………………………………………………Page 3
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….Page 3
Hydraulic Fracturing Description…………………………………………………….Page 4
History of Fracking.....................……………………………………………………..Page 5
Cultural Context………………………………………………………………………Page 8
Pros……………………………………………………………………………………Page 8
Cons…………………………………………………………………………………..Page 11
Context Summary…………………………………………………………………….Page 16
Media Influence………………………………………………………………………Page 17
Fracking Fluids……………………………………………………………………….Page 18
Proppants……………………………………………………………………………..Page 22
Pumping and Blending Equipment…………………………………………………...Page 23
Fracture Treatment Designs…………………………………………………………..Page 24
Economic Considerations for Hydraulic Fracturing………………………………….Page 25
Variable Economic Issues…………………………………………………………….Page 20
Hydraulic Fracturing Guarantees many Benefits for Local Economy………………..Page 33
Ancillary Products and Business……………………………………………………...Page 35
Psychological Considerations and Sociological Effects…………………………….. Page 38
Political and Legal Influences………………………………………………………...Page 40
Environmental Concerns……………………………………………………………...Page 43
References…………………………………………………………………………….Page 49

Thesis
Fracking is a controversial new method The US is participating in to extract energy sources from our own land in an effort to cut down dependence on foreign energy.

Abstract
Fracking is in the center of a political debate due to the potential for pollution and the consumption of our current resources such as clean water and sand. In this paper we will “drill” deeper into the process of hydro fracturing. We will give a description of the process. We will discuss the political, sociological and environmental effects of fracking along with the



References: Abaffy, L. (2012, July 2). Oil Ignites Microboom. Engineering News Record, p. 12. Beckwith, R. (2010). Hydraulic Fracturing: The Fuss, The Facts, The Future. Journal of Petroleum Technology. December 2010, pp. 34-41. Begos, K. (2012, Aug 16). AP IMPACT: CO2 emissions in US drop to 20-year low. Associated Press. Benincasa, A. (2011). The Current and Future State of Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation. Trends: ABA Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources. Vol. 42(3), pp. 8-9. Bigham, R. (2012). Fracking Misunderstood. Pollution Engineering, 44(8), p. 7. Clean Water Action. (2012). Fracking: The Process. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from Clean Water: http://cleanwater.org/page/fracking-process Cole, B Cost versus revenues. (2012, March 17). Retrieved from http://fracdallas.org/docs/revenues.html Critz, M Daily, I. B. (2012, Aug 21). Fracking 's Big Bonus: Clearing Up The Air. Investors Business Daily, p. A01. Daniels, T. (2012). Drilling Down on Hydrofracking. Planning, 78(7), p. 33. Debatin, B. (2011, 11 28). Cement Casing: The Weak Link of Fracking. Retrieved 8 14, 2012, from Slow Down Fracking in Athens County (SD-FRAC) : http://slowdownfracking.wordpress.com/2011/11/28/cement-casing-the-weak-link-of-fracking/ Delaney, R Developing EnergyFromShale. (n.d.). Retrieved July 13, 2012, from EnergyFromShale.org: http://www.energyfromshale.org/what-is- fracking?gclid=COPwgL7OlrECFYEQNAodCFOddA Dictionary.com Dolan, E.D. (2012, May 08). An economic analysis of fracking. Retrieved from http://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/An-Economic-Analysis-of-Fracking.html Environmental Protection Agency. (2004). Evaluation of Impacts to Underground Sources of Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs (EPA 816-R-04-003). EPA Erica, G. (2012, 7 25). Fracking fuels energy debate. Science News For Kids, p. 5. Food and Water Watch. (2012). Fracking. What is fracking and why should it be banned? Fox, J Fracking 's Big Bonus: Clearing Up The Air. . (2012, Aug 21). Investors Business Daily, p. A01. Gerasimo, P. (2012, April 27). Mining Companies Invade Wisconsin for Frac-Sand. Retrieved August 22, 2012, from EcoWatch: http://ecowatch.org/2012/mining-companies-invade-wisconsin-for-frac-sand/ Global Fund Exchange Gordon, A. G. (2012, March 26). Fracking: The US’s most effective stimulus package. Insider Fortunes ,Retrieved from http://insiderfortunes.com/2012/03/fracking-the- Griffin, M Hale, G., & Nechio, F. (2012). Pricey Oil, Cheap Natural Gas, and Energy Costs. FRDSF Economic Letter, 2012(23), pp. 1-4. Hall, K. H. (2011, July 12). France bans hydraulic fracturing. Retrieved from http://www.oilgaslawbrief.com/hydraulic-fracturing/france-bans-hydraulic-fracturing/ Heller, P Helman, C. (2012, July 25). Professor Behind Pro-Fracking Study Slammed For Oil Industry Connections. Forbes.com, p. 53. Katz, J. (2012, May 12). Report: Fracking to Grow U.S. Water-Treatment Market Nine-Fold by 2020. Industry Week. Krohn, J.K. (2011, July 8). New York confirms safety and benefits of hydraulic fracturing Retrieved from http://eidmarcellus.org/blog/new-york-confirms-safety-and- economic-benefits-of-hydraulic- fracturing/2155/ Lehr, J Measuring the economic and energy impacts of proposals to regulate hydraulic fracturing. In (2009).American Petroleum Institute Montgomery, C., & Smith, M. (2010). Hydraulic Fracturing: History of an Enduring Technology. NSI Technologies, (2010). Retrieved July 13, 2012 from http://www.jptonline.org/index.php?id=481. Pacific Roller Dye. (2011). SPIRAL WELDSEAM PIPE MACHINE (SWPM). Retrieved August 23, 2012, from PRD: http://www.prdcompany.com/swp.html# Pless, J Rintoul, S. (2012). Analytical Method Provides Safe Hydraulic Fracturing. Pollution Engineering, 44(8), pp. 26-27. Rubin, D., & Kohlhaas, J. (2012). Is Fracking the Problem? ENR 269: 96. Sebastian, S. S. (2012, June 18). A tough break for fracturing companies. Retrieved from http://www.chron.com/business/article/A-tough-break-for-fracturing-companies- 3638521.php Seelye, K.S Siverstein, A. (2012, July 3). Lawmaker accidentally votes to allow fracking in North Carolina. Raleigh, North Carolina, US. Snyder, J., & Klimasinska, K. (2012, Jan 25). Obama pushes Natural-Gas Fracking to Create 600,000 U.S Jobs. Bloomberg. Suchy, D., & Newell, K. (2012). Hydraulic Fracturing of Oil and Gas Wells in Kansas. Kansas Geological Survery. Vol. 32, pp. 1-4. The Coulmbus Dispatch. (2012, August 13). Ohio Defends Safety of 'Fracking ' Waste Disposal. Columbus, OH, US. United States Department of Labor. (2012, August 16). Bureau of Labor Statistics Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject. Retrieved August 2012, 2012, from United States Department of Labor: http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000 US EPA Van Poollen, H.K., Tinsley, J.M., and Saunders, C.D. (1958) Hydraulic Fracturing – Fracture Flow Capacity vs. Well Productivity. AIME 213: 91-95. SPE-890-G. Wang, X. (2009). Advanced Natural Gas Engineering. Gulf Publishing Company. Warlick, D. W. (2012, July 5). Over $7b will be spent for hydraulic fracturing in the bakken. Retrieved from http://www.ogfj.com/articles/2012/07/over-billion-will-be-spent-for- hydraulic- fracturing-in-the-bakken.html Williams, L Williams, S. (2012). Discovering Shale Gas: An Investor Guide to Hydraulic Fracturing. Sustainable Investments Institute. Williamson, K. (2012, Feb 8). Facing Frack hysteria. Retrieved Aug 24, 2012, from New York Post: http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/facing_frack_hysteria_PWwcCDKjR1BxHCVNDT7ARO Willie, M Zdunczyk, M. (2012, June). Mining Engineering. HYDRAULIC FRACTURING SAND (FRAC SAND), pp. 58-61. Zusman, N. (2010). Fracking Resource Guide. Viewed and retrieved on July 16, 2012, from http://frack.mixplex.com/content/website-crash-course-fracking.

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