humanities quest for knowledge
causality 2 the principle that everything has a cause. cause, or gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition. ground that may be held to justify something effect result or consequence of an (Doppler effect; fact 1. something that actually exists; reality; truth: hypothesis A tentative suggestion that may be merely a guess or a hunch, knowledge 1. acquaintance with facts, truths, or principles, parapsychology, the branch of psychology that deals with the investigation of purportedly psychic phenomena, as clairvoyance, extrasensory perception, telepathy, and the like. (RHD, p. 1409) pseudo-, false,” “pretended,” “unreal,”: in scientific use, pseudoscience any of various methods, theories, or systems, as astrology, psychokinesis, or clairvoyance, considered as having no scientific basis.
***** astrology (a pseudoscience) ≠ astronomy (a science)!!! science 1knowledge gained by systematic study. scientific method a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested. (...) (RHD, p. 1716) superstition, (…) 1. a belief or notion, not based on reason or knowledge, 4. irrational fear of what is unknown or mysterious,. any blindly accepted belief or notion. fallacy a mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument. 2 faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument. “False cause” fallacy
I stubbed my toe this morning because I broke a mirror last year and this, in turn, is causing me seven years of bad luck. (Superstitious explanation)
e.g. “Hasty generalization” fallacy
Once I bought milk at this dépanneur and the milk was sour.
Therefore, all milk purchased at that dépanneur is sour.
e.g. Fallacy of appeal to ignorance (this fallacy takes two forms):
Let p be a statement. It could be any statement at all.
(a) There is no way of showing that p is true. Therefore, p is false.
Alternatively,
(b) There is no way of showing
***** astrology (a pseudoscience) ≠ astronomy (a science)!!! science 1knowledge gained by systematic study. scientific method a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested. (...) (RHD, p. 1716) superstition, (…) 1. a belief or notion, not based on reason or knowledge, 4. irrational fear of what is unknown or mysterious,. any blindly accepted belief or notion. fallacy a mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument. 2 faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument. “False cause” fallacy
I stubbed my toe this morning because I broke a mirror last year and this, in turn, is causing me seven years of bad luck. (Superstitious explanation)
e.g. “Hasty generalization” fallacy
Once I bought milk at this dépanneur and the milk was sour.
Therefore, all milk purchased at that dépanneur is sour.
e.g. Fallacy of appeal to ignorance (this fallacy takes two forms):
Let p be a statement. It could be any statement at all.
(a) There is no way of showing that p is true. Therefore, p is false.
Alternatively,
(b) There is no way of showing