Human Growth And Development
Human development
Principles of Growth and
Development
• Growth – increase in size or quantity over time
• Development – systematic and orderly change organisms experience as they live and either gain or lose abilities
Principles of Growth and
Development
Growth is personal
Growth comes from within
Growth is gradual and orderly but uneven
Growth has certain characteristics common at particular stages
• Development precedes from the head downward (cephalocaudal)
• Development precedes from the center outward (proximodistal)
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Principles of Growth and
Development
• Development depends on maturation and learning
• Development precedes from concrete
(simple) to complex
• Growth and development is a continuous process
• Growth and development precede from generic to specific
• There are individual rates of growth and development
Heredity and Maturation
• Heredity
– is the passing of traits to offspring
– the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or become predisposed to the characteristics of the parent cell or organism – 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Maturation
– The emergence of personal and behavioral characteristics through the growth process
Developmental milestones – set guidelines for growth and maturation but vary individually Nature vs Nurture
• NATURE
– refers to inherited characteristics and tendencies that influence development
– genes and hereditary factors: physical appearance, personality
• NURTURE
– refers to all the environmental variables that impact who we are, including our early childhood experiences, how we were raised, our social relationships, and our surrounding culture.
Theories of Human development Piaget’s Stages of Human development •The four stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development correspond with the age of the child and include the following: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. •The sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to age 2 and is characterized
Principles of Growth and
Development
• Growth – increase in size or quantity over time
• Development – systematic and orderly change organisms experience as they live and either gain or lose abilities
Principles of Growth and
Development
Growth is personal
Growth comes from within
Growth is gradual and orderly but uneven
Growth has certain characteristics common at particular stages
• Development precedes from the head downward (cephalocaudal)
• Development precedes from the center outward (proximodistal)
•
•
•
•
Principles of Growth and
Development
• Development depends on maturation and learning
• Development precedes from concrete
(simple) to complex
• Growth and development is a continuous process
• Growth and development precede from generic to specific
• There are individual rates of growth and development
Heredity and Maturation
• Heredity
– is the passing of traits to offspring
– the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or become predisposed to the characteristics of the parent cell or organism – 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Maturation
– The emergence of personal and behavioral characteristics through the growth process
Developmental milestones – set guidelines for growth and maturation but vary individually Nature vs Nurture
• NATURE
– refers to inherited characteristics and tendencies that influence development
– genes and hereditary factors: physical appearance, personality
• NURTURE
– refers to all the environmental variables that impact who we are, including our early childhood experiences, how we were raised, our social relationships, and our surrounding culture.
Theories of Human development Piaget’s Stages of Human development •The four stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development correspond with the age of the child and include the following: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. •The sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to age 2 and is characterized