Human Dev Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
These had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centred policies". A simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and policy-makers that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also by improvements in human well-being.
Dimensions and calculation:
Starting with the 2011 Human Development Report the HDI combines three dimensions:
A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth
Education index: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling
A decent standard of living: GNI per capita (PPP US$)
The following three indices are used:
1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI)
2. Education Index (EI)
2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI)
2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI)
3. Income Index (II)
Finally, the HDI is the geometric mean of the previous three normalized indices:
LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a 25-year-old person or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend with his education in his whole life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
Criticisms:
1. The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds, including
A. Failure to include any ecological considerations
B. focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking,
C. not paying much attention to development from a global perspective
D. based on grounds of measurement error of the underlying statistics and formula changes.
2. Other authors claimed that the Human Development Reports "have lost touch with their original vision and the index fails to capture the essence of the world it seeks to
These had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centred policies". A simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and policy-makers that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also by improvements in human well-being.
Dimensions and calculation:
Starting with the 2011 Human Development Report the HDI combines three dimensions:
A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth
Education index: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling
A decent standard of living: GNI per capita (PPP US$)
The following three indices are used:
1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI)
2. Education Index (EI)
2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI)
2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI)
3. Income Index (II)
Finally, the HDI is the geometric mean of the previous three normalized indices:
LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a 25-year-old person or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend with his education in his whole life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
Criticisms:
1. The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds, including
A. Failure to include any ecological considerations
B. focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking,
C. not paying much attention to development from a global perspective
D. based on grounds of measurement error of the underlying statistics and formula changes.
2. Other authors claimed that the Human Development Reports "have lost touch with their original vision and the index fails to capture the essence of the world it seeks to