Human Behavior in Organization
Motivation in Life and Work
INTRODUCTION
* When an individual interacts with members of his work group he brings with his motives, perception, culture, and personality. * To understand an individual’s performance, efficiency and effectiveness, it is important to know his motivation and perception. * The extent to which his needs are satisfied on the job will partly determine his participation in the achievement of organizational goals.
NATURE OF MOTIVATION
Motivation
- As characterized both by a state of drive and by the direction of behavior toward some goal selected in preference to other possible goals.
Definition of “Motive”
“Motive” is so common in lay conservation and thinking that it might be well to outline briefly the concept of motivation as it is used here. Motivation may be meaningfully discussed from two angles.
FIRST, it may be discussed in terms of its internal aspect, its reference to a state of inner dissatisfaction, a state of needs, wants, or desires, a state in which bodily energy is mobilized, a state of a drive which the organism is impelled to relieve.
SECONDLY, motivation may be discussed from its outer aspect, as a sequence of behavior selectively directed to in terms of a goal.
Goals refer to the outer directional aspect of behavior in a given situation.
“Inner Motivation”: Emphasis on the Individual - One widely accepted concept is that all persons are motivated by certain needs.
Basic List of Needs
Psychological Needs (need for air, food, water, etc)
Social Needs (need to belong to a group and to have social relations with others)
Ego or Individual Needs (need for approval, acceptance, mastery, etc.)
“Outer Motivation”: Emphasis on the Situation - On the other end of the continuum there are those theories that see motivation as having its roots primarily in the situation or in the environment. William James has this to say to the effect that each situation has different motives: “A man has
INTRODUCTION
* When an individual interacts with members of his work group he brings with his motives, perception, culture, and personality. * To understand an individual’s performance, efficiency and effectiveness, it is important to know his motivation and perception. * The extent to which his needs are satisfied on the job will partly determine his participation in the achievement of organizational goals.
NATURE OF MOTIVATION
Motivation
- As characterized both by a state of drive and by the direction of behavior toward some goal selected in preference to other possible goals.
Definition of “Motive”
“Motive” is so common in lay conservation and thinking that it might be well to outline briefly the concept of motivation as it is used here. Motivation may be meaningfully discussed from two angles.
FIRST, it may be discussed in terms of its internal aspect, its reference to a state of inner dissatisfaction, a state of needs, wants, or desires, a state in which bodily energy is mobilized, a state of a drive which the organism is impelled to relieve.
SECONDLY, motivation may be discussed from its outer aspect, as a sequence of behavior selectively directed to in terms of a goal.
Goals refer to the outer directional aspect of behavior in a given situation.
“Inner Motivation”: Emphasis on the Individual - One widely accepted concept is that all persons are motivated by certain needs.
Basic List of Needs
Psychological Needs (need for air, food, water, etc)
Social Needs (need to belong to a group and to have social relations with others)
Ego or Individual Needs (need for approval, acceptance, mastery, etc.)
“Outer Motivation”: Emphasis on the Situation - On the other end of the continuum there are those theories that see motivation as having its roots primarily in the situation or in the environment. William James has this to say to the effect that each situation has different motives: “A man has