The objective of this laboratory experiment is to observe and record the effect of reactant concentration, reactant surface area and reactant temperature on the overall rate of reaction.…
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the differential rate law for a chemical reaction based on the relationship between the concentration of reactants and the rate of reaction. Since spectrophotometers, like Spec-20s, provide information about concentration, these instruments were used to monitor the increase or decrease in concentration of a reactant in a solution over time. By plotting [phph2-] versus time and changing the concentration of OH- used, the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant and the overall order of the reaction can be determined.…
1. Describe any difference in the relative rates of the reaction with the acid and the alcohols tested.…
Introduction: Kinetics, which is the study of how fast a reaction takes place or in other words the rate of a reaction, is the main ideology in this experiment. Reaction rates can be measured in a number of ways: by monitoring the amount of product formed, by measuring the loss in mass of reactants, for reactions involving gaseous products measuring the volume of gas produced, by electrolytic conductivity, pH measurement or for colored reactants or products measuring the transmittance by the use of a colorimeter. In this experiment the last method of measurement is used which is colorimetry.…
Chemical Kinetics, described as the study of rate of chemical processes, varies on many factors to determine the time needed for a reaction to complete. The rate of reaction of a chemical reaction is important, as reactions are of little use if the time period needed for the reaction to occur is too lengthy. Many factors influence the rate of a chemical reaction, such as temperature, concentration and surface area. The order of the reaction is based on the concentration of the reactants, and is what this lab focuses on.…
2. What happened to the reaction rate when the toothpicks were all spread out? Why did this happen? If you had an unexpected result can you explain it?…
Abstract: The main objective of this experiment was to use to the reaction between zinc and iodine to examine the validity of the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Constant Composition. The Law of Constant Composition was tested by determining the mass of each of the reactants, zinc and iodine, and comparing their total to the mass of the zinc iodide product plus the excess zinc. The total mass of the reactants was determined by subtracting the mass of the empty beaker from the mass of the beaker with initial amounts of zinc and iodine in it. The mass of the reactants was 5.266g. The mass of the products was obtained by adding the mass of zinc iodide with the mass of the excess zinc. The mass of zinc iodide was 2.412g. The mass of excess zinc was 2.695g. 2.142g was then added to 2.695g to find the total mass of the products. Since the mass of the reactants is 5.266g and the mass of the products is 5.107g, it can be concluded that the Law of Conservation of Mass is a valid law.…
In the solutions A, B and C, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide used was the same. Therefore, these solutions are a suitable series for an examination of the dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of the iodide ion. Similarly, solutions C, D, and E have the same concentration of iodide ion. Therefore, those solutions can be used to examine the dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of hydrogen…
The molar ratio of the reactants is the ultimate goal of the lab. In order to achieve that, secondary observations on…
One application of the study of kinetics can be applied to the determination of the rate of a chemical reaction involving a certain selection of chemicals (FD&C Blue #1 and sodium hypochlorite). The purpose of the proceeding experiment is to make such a determination, as well as determining the rate law for the reaction by establishing the rate constant and concentrations and reactions orders of the chemicals.…
The purpose of laboratory assignment 3 was to measure the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place. For the purpose of this lab we measured the rate a balanced oxidation/reduction reaction between iodine, hydrogen, and bromate ion occurs. The above reaction occurs slowly so we used a coupled iodine clock reaction to measure the rate of the oxidation/reduction reaction because it occurs much faster but is still dependent upon the other reaction. To accomplish this, two mixtures were prepared in separate Erlenmeyer flasks. In the 250 ml flask .010M potassium iodide, .0010M Sodium thiosulfate and distilled water was prepared. A 125 ml flask was also prepared with a mixture of .040M potassium bromate, hydro chloric acid and…
For this assignment, you will be designing a lab to investigate factors that affect the rate of a reaction. You are not required to conduct the experiment, but it may be beneficial to do so if you can acquire the materials needed for your design.…
This experiment was done to determine the effects of the nature of the reactants, concentration, temperature, surface area and catalyst on the rate of chemical reactions. The nature of the reactants implies a difference if the reactants are aqueous or organic, acidic or basic or if they occur in the same phase or not. Acid-base reactions, formation of salts, and exchange of ions are fast reactions while reactions in which large molecules are formed or broken apart are usually slow. Generally, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants, as well as to the temperature. Greater surface areas and addition of catalysts also increase the rate of chemical reactions.…
Abstract: When combining compounds, there are always two roles considered in the reaction. These are reactants and products. Reactants are the initial compounds before mixing. The products are synonymous with the term byproduct, or what remains when the reaction occurs. For example, Sodium (Na+) and Chlorine (Cl-) are mixed to create Sodium Chloride (NaCl) . In this example, sodium and chlorine are the reactants and sodium chloride is the product. The use of rate laws expresses the rate of a given reaction to produce a concentration of a reactant in a given chemical reaction such as described with sodium chloride. This is important because the use of rate laws can be used to calculate how much of a reactant is used and how quickly a reaction occurs based on the level of concentration of the reactants. Knowing this, chemists can speed up or slow down reactions which is useful if the initial reaction time is extremely long or requires an exorbitant about of products to produce the desired results in the reaction.…
The reaction rate of a chemical reaction is the rate of decrease of the concentration of a reactant or the rate of increase of the concentration of a product. The rate law is an equation that expresses the rate of a reaction as a function of the concentration of all the species present in the overall chemical reaction at some time. The rate law is often found to be proportional to the concentration of the reactants raised to a power. For the depolymerization of diacetone alcohol the empirical rate equation is…