In 1965, a peculiar chimpanzee was the center of attention as scientists utilized American Sign Language in hopes of communicating efficiently with another species. The female chimpanzee was named Washoe. While this was by no means a quick study, scientists patiently taught Washoe for years and by the time she was an adult, Washoe had been about to spontaneously and appropriately use 350 different signs. It is still under much controversy that she could effectively use this language in complex sentences, or if she had just learned signs for being rewarded. Either way, the debate about, non-human primates having the intellectual capacity for language, remains highly contested.…
Brain Size: Neanderthal people had a brain volume of about 1200 to 1800 cubic centimeters, equal to and even larger than modern human brains. Neanderthal skull reconstructions provide further evidence that they were a separate species to modern humans. Distinctive Neanderthal skull features were established in early infancy. Physical features in skull development, such as the Neanderthal’s receding chin and low, sloping forehead were fixed by the age of two years. Their hyoid bones, involved in speech, were basically identical to humans.…
Thousands of years before the arrival of the Europeans, there was a man who was celebrated by numerous ancient Americans. In the chapter he was given the name Sun Falcon. Sun Flacon was said to be a great political and spiritual leader. He was buried at Cahokia, the biggest ritualistic site in ancient North America. Not much is known about this man, but the small amount of information there is came from archeological findings. Archaeologists were able to conclude many things from Sun Falcons grave that helped them understand the basic characteristics of ancient Americans who controlled America until 1492. Historians and Archaeologists are both terms used to describe a profession in which one seeks to learn more about the past. Both use artifacts as sources of information. The difference between them is that archaeologists use physical objects to help them obtain information, while historians use mostly written documentation to look for the same information. Writing is a system of symbols used to keep note of verbal language. It originated in places like China, Egypt, and Central America nearly 8,000 years…
Although there is no direct evidence and a species language or their language capabilities do not fossilize, coupled with more modern techniques being used today and archeological evidence, it is possible now to study this topic with more success than in previous years. There is a record that supports the suggestion of Homo neandertal speech capabilities. Previous to the recovery of an intact middle paleolithic hyoid bone, the reconstructed vocal tract and the FOXP2 gene, the lack of evidence on the speech capabilities of Homo neandertals led most scholars to regard the topic as unsuitable for serious study (2012) .…
The issue of the status of Neanderthal man has been hotly contested in the anthropology world. It is the matter of whether Homo Sapiens are the decedents of Neanderthals or whether they are cousins with a common ancestor. If Neanderthals are considered to be a proper descendent to Homo Sapiens, then they can be rightfully classified as Homo Sapiens Neanderthal. If they are truly a separate species, then they should be classified as Homo Neanderthal.…
Ethology studies and case studies have been performed on our primates to compare human language with animal communication and to teach apes human language. The results suggested that animal communication, although similar to some degrees to human language, yet is qualitatively different. In investigating the evolution of language, this paper will evaluate whether or not human language can account for human distinctiveness from other animals. In doing so, this paper will evaluate the evolutionary process of human language based on two different accounts: one presented by Pinker (2000), who argued that language promoted a distinctive adaptive advantage, and the other suggested by Sperber (2000), who argued that language arose as a by product of cognitive abilities.…
Language is as important in the cultural transmission of traits among chimpanzees and gorillas as it is among humans.…
In the effort to communicate with one another; the languages would be blended or creolized.…
Which ancestral region of the brain is responsible for modern human’s speech and ability to do algebra?…
In an argument that takes the phrase “culture wars” to a new level, a group of researchers says it’s possible that cultural superiority gave human ancestors the upper hand over their Neanderthal cousins.…
Spanish. Would present day Mexico be a lot more different than what it is today? Would of…
We know what we know about history from the examining of fossils, DNA records, , and technological advances overtime.…
There is a theory that humans descended from an earlier, lower form of life. There is an assortment of evidence that shows that all living creatures on Earth descended from a common ancestry. Evolution doesnt discriminate against humans. It is believed that we too are a product of an earlier predecessor. The similarities in all life are evident if you consider that every form of life builds from the same building blocks--20 essential amino acids, four nitrogen bases, and simple sugars. Each of Earths past and present forms of life are, or were composed of a combination of those building blocks called RNA or DNA. In the very beginning of life on Earth, the genetic structure was very simple, but as time has gone by, the best combinations in the…
So an important thing to distinguish when examining ability of non-human primates with communication or language is the actual defined difference between language and communication, and exactly where the definite line of distinction might be separating the two, if there even is a line to be considered when looking at so many different animals. Non-human primates have been studied and observed for both communication and language capabilities and distinction is often necessary to understand what has been discovered and what can be discovered. Many researchers of non-human primates argue that they cannot and do not have the capability of language, while others believe that non-human primates do have language, or can be taught forms of language by humans. Some researchers, that believe that non-human primates do have language or can be taught language, realize that it may not be the same level of complexity as that of human language as a whole but that it is a simple but true language form nonetheless. The reality is the definition of language and communication are what truly can determine if research can show non-human primates having language and or the ability of learning human language when trained, so each research can have potentially a different…
The development of language isn’t due solely to a larger brain, but also to genes and the physiological anatomy of humans.…