influenced heavily by the religion of Islam, while kingdoms of west Africa had large proportions…
5. Islam first entered into sub-Saharan Africa due to the kings of Ghana converting to Islam. This improved relations with Muslim merchants from north Africa as well as Muslim nomads. Unlike the north Africa and southwest Africa imposing Islam forcibly on their society, the kings of Ghana let the people observe traditional religious customs. However, the faith attracted many converts, mostly people that had relations with the Muslim merchants.…
D) Although a universal empire did not develop in Africa, Islam provided a principle of universality in the continent.…
Directions: Complete the Pretest! Then, complete this study guide as you are completing your lessons and assignments. Remember, this study guide does not count for a grade. It is to help you understand the module and prepare for your Discussion Based Assessment.…
An empire is a major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority. Two very famous classical empires were the Roman in the Mediterranean from 27BCE to 476CE and the Han in East Asia from 206BCE to 220CE. Both of these empires utilize the policies and practices of previous political governments to help ensure their success. Overall, the empires showed more political, economic, and social factors for their rise and fall than points of difference.…
The Arab conquest of North Africa in the seventh and early eighth centuries placed an outlook for increasing contacts between Arabs and Black Africans. The Arabs began to cross the Sahara and when they arrived they found thriving kingdoms in position. Then Ghana (modern Mali), one of the largest sub-Saharan kingdoms, was found about 300 C.E. By the ninth century Ghana was a partner and rival of the northern Berbers for control of Saharan trade; traded thought these routes were gold, slaves, hides, and ivory in exchange for copper, silver, metal goods, horses, dried fruit, cloth, and salt. By the eleventh century traders from the north invited people from the south to adopt their religion and came to establish new communities of faith and good works. The common people were not affected until the nineteenth century, leading traders and rulers to begin to convert to Islam. Around 1235 the Keita kings of Mali had greater access to the Niger River so they exceeded Ghana in importance. Therefore, Mali’s founding king, Sundiata, encouraged his people to accept Islam and Sundiata became a national epic about the tale of the king,…
Often, achievements of older civilizations are lost in the shadows of their successors. Such is the case with the early civilizations and people of Africa. Before Europe stepped in, they were a quite advanced, flourishing continent by themselves. They had their own trade routes and systems, enormous wealth, as well as a great lack of corruption alongside an abundance of generosity, and were also advanced in the way of knowledge, even valuing it above other resources.…
The presence of Islam was a powerful force in Mali and Songhai, leading to improvement in scholarship and government. The empires of Mali and Songhai were able to have an improvement in scholarship in West Africa due to the thirst for education by conversion Islam, as well as an increase in opportunities for people living in the kingdoms. The kingdom of Mali brought Islam to West Africa, which was extremely crucial to development in scholarship as there was a social mindset of Muslims being well educated, as they had many revelations on topics such as astronomy, math and medicine. This meant that the powerful presence of Islam in West Africa encouraged people to convert to Islam in order to become educated, which lead to a generally knowledgeable society and an improvement in scholarship in West Africa. The kingdom of Songhai very similarly continued to…
In efforts to efficiently organize Mali, he founded the country on the basis of productivity and richness in agriculture. Considering that location is important for structure, he established the Malian empire’s capital at Niani. Niani was located near the upper Niger river. The trans-Sahara caravan was a route from the Middle East & Far west, Europe, North Africa, to the Sub-Saharan region of Africa. That Sub-saharan region included but was not limited to: Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Algeria, and Nigeria. The long distance trade was chiefly orchestrated by the Wangara people along the Niger River from Timbuktu to Senegal. It was mostly used by agriculturalist, herdsmen, hunter soldiers, and herdsmen. The trading of gold, salt, copper, and humans by African traders in exchange for cowry shells, cotton cloth, and Chinese porcelain from visitors was very prominent. Trader contacts increased by 800-1500 people due to a growing international trade network. As stated in the introduction paragraph, the trading of those goods, animals, and humans caused more people to migrate in and out of Africa. This was the main link that led to the spread of Islam. The most compelling evidence of this is the fact that the Arabian traders that settled along the coast of the Nile River and were one responsible factor of the spread of Islam by intermarrying within the local population. Similarly, the Muslim merchants could trade with people in many different areas because Arabia was at a crossroads location. Islam was also adopted by the kings and their royal families. Islam was mainly accepted by rulers because it promoted economic and social growth, which in turn made for a better equipped nation. Seeing that west Africa was made up of stateless societies, authority was also organized around ancestral reverence or other obligations. Because Sundiata was the son of a great…
During the early modern age, three major Muslim empires controlled a large part of the land extending from eastern Europe and northern Africa to eastern India. All three of these dynasties had their roots in nomadic Turkish-speaking peoples of central Asia. These three Muslim empires shared similar political and cultural guidelines and traditions that their ancestors had adopted. Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, these dynasties were the most dominant, by the eighteenth century, these empires had significantly weakened, because of their long, costly wars, domestic difficulties, and corrupted leadership.…
Mansa Musa expanded the Mali Empire and on his hajj to Mecca stopped in Egypt. He was described as generous because he gave out gold to everyone. He was Muslim and worked to ensure peace and order. He expanded Mali’s borders westward to the Atlantic Ocean. He also promoted religious freedom. (Document 4)…
When discussing how the Silk Road has contributed to global change and expansion of discovery and technology, it is key to focus on how its success is dependent on the development of the three dominate empires within the time period; The Mali, The Mongolian and The Aztec. These complex societies were reliant on merchants and specialty crafters from across oceans and continents. Trade is a mutually beneficial transaction that either profits or increases knowledge, convenience or luxury, so it was very desirable as it spread across civilizations. The Silk Road is so important because it wasn’t just the goods exchanged, but the alliances and associations that had a language all of their own, which…
Han Dynasty was the first empire to rise in 202 BCE who was named Liu Bang, became the first Han emperor after defeating the last rebellion against him. The Qin dynasty was very short and cruel; by the time it collapsed, Liu Bang had raised an army and claimed the vacant throne. But the Han Dynasty collapsed in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi,…
The West African Sudanic Empire of Mali started in 1235 when the Ghana Empire was falling. The Aztec empire was similar in it also began to rise during the fall of an earlier empire. During the fall of Ghana, Sumanguru took over what was left of Ghana and was very cruel to anyone who challenged him and killed anyone who did. Soon one of the Malinka princes, Sundiata, the “Lion King”, crushed Sumanguru’s forces and started the empire of Mali. The Aztecs rose to power in 1150 as the Toltec’s began to fall.…
There were many positive and negative factors that played a role in the status of both the Roman and Chinese Empires. Various factors allowed these empires to sustain a way of life, but also led to their demise. Throughout an empire, a governmental system developed relationships between the people of the empires and their leaders. Therefore the largest factor affecting the rise and fall of Rome and China’s empires was the relationship of the people and their superiors.…