How Can Genuine Democracy Emerge from Authoritarian Regimes?
How can genuine democracy emerge from authoritarian regimes?
Victoria Yuzova
St.Petersburg State University
2013
Contents.
Introduction. 3
1.What is authoritarianism? 3
2.What is Democracy? 4
3. Democratization. 5 3.1. Definition of democratization. 5 3.2. What can facilitate transition to democracy? 6 3.3. Historical cases 9 3.4. Views on democratization. 10
Conclusion. 12
Bibliography. 14
Introduction.
Peaceful protests with unrelenting public courage to demand democratic transitions from authoritarian regimes made history across the Arab world. Unparalleled forms of social power are shaping the future of democracy. Tensions between an expanding global consciousness and old structures that limit freedom are giving birth to new experiments in governance. Although the perception and implementation of democracy differ globally, it is generally accepted that democracy is a relationship between a responsible citizenry and a responsive government that encourages participation in the political process and guarantees basic rights. Social revolutions in 2011 are not yet reflected in Freedom House 's 2010 ratings, which showed political and civil liberties declined for the fifth consecutive year, the longest decline since 1972, when the annual analysis began. Freedom declined in 25 countries and improved in 11. Those living in 87 "free" countries constituted 43% of world population, while 20% live in 60 "partly free" countries, and 35% (over 2.5 billion people) live in 47 countries listed as "not free." There were 115 electoral democracies in 2010, compared with 123 in 2005. Press freedoms have declined for nine consecutive years; 15% of the world lives in the 68 countries with a "free" press, 42% in 65 countries with a "partly free" press, and 43% live in 63 countries without free media.[1] Predominantly young and increasingly educated populations are using the Internet to organize around common
Victoria Yuzova
St.Petersburg State University
2013
Contents.
Introduction. 3
1.What is authoritarianism? 3
2.What is Democracy? 4
3. Democratization. 5 3.1. Definition of democratization. 5 3.2. What can facilitate transition to democracy? 6 3.3. Historical cases 9 3.4. Views on democratization. 10
Conclusion. 12
Bibliography. 14
Introduction.
Peaceful protests with unrelenting public courage to demand democratic transitions from authoritarian regimes made history across the Arab world. Unparalleled forms of social power are shaping the future of democracy. Tensions between an expanding global consciousness and old structures that limit freedom are giving birth to new experiments in governance. Although the perception and implementation of democracy differ globally, it is generally accepted that democracy is a relationship between a responsible citizenry and a responsive government that encourages participation in the political process and guarantees basic rights. Social revolutions in 2011 are not yet reflected in Freedom House 's 2010 ratings, which showed political and civil liberties declined for the fifth consecutive year, the longest decline since 1972, when the annual analysis began. Freedom declined in 25 countries and improved in 11. Those living in 87 "free" countries constituted 43% of world population, while 20% live in 60 "partly free" countries, and 35% (over 2.5 billion people) live in 47 countries listed as "not free." There were 115 electoral democracies in 2010, compared with 123 in 2005. Press freedoms have declined for nine consecutive years; 15% of the world lives in the 68 countries with a "free" press, 42% in 65 countries with a "partly free" press, and 43% live in 63 countries without free media.[1] Predominantly young and increasingly educated populations are using the Internet to organize around common
Bibliography: 1. Anne B. Rodrick. The History Of Great Britain. (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) 2 3. Fareed Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad, W.W. Norton & Co., 2007 4 10. Samuel P. Huntington. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late 20th Century. (University of Oklahoma Press, 2012 г) 11 [2] John P. Kirscht, Ronald C. Dillehay. Dimensions of authoritarianism: a review of research and theory. ([pic] FGWk?™š±²³´ÐÑÒUniversity of Kentucky Press, 1967) [3] Jon Elster, Rune Slagstad [4] Carmel Reilly. History of Democracy. (Pearson Education Australia, 2009) [5] Anne B [7] Francis Fukuyama. End of History and the Last Man. (Simon and Schuster, 2006 г.) [8] Samuel P [9]Simon, Bromley. Rethinking Middle East Politics: State Formation and Development. (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1994) [10] Pripstein Posusney and Michele, Penner Angrist. Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and Resistance [11] Fareed Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad, W.W. Norton & Co., 2007