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India
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This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation).

Republic of India भारत गणराज्य*
Bhārat Ganarājya | | | Flag | Emblem | | Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
सत्यमेव जयते (Devanāgarī)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1] | Anthem:
Jana Gana Mana
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people[2] | National Song[4]
Vande Mataram
I bow to thee, Mother[3] | Area controlled by India in dark green;
Claimed but uncontrolled territories in light green | Capital | New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E / 28.6133°N 77.2083°E / 28.6133; 77.2083 | Largest city | Mumbai | Official language(s) | Hindi, English[show]Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union[5] and English the "subsidiary official language".[6] | Recognised regional languages | 8th Schedule:[show]Assamese
Bengali
Bodo
Dogri
Gujarati
Hindi
Kannada
Kashmiri
Konkani
Maithili
Malayalam
Manipuri
Marathi
Nepali
Oriya
Punjabi
Sanskrit
Santali
Sindhi
Tamil
Telugu
Urdu[7] | National languages | None defined by the constitution.[8] | Demonym | Indian | Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic[9] | - | President | Pratibha Patil | - | Prime Minister | Manmohan Singh (INC) | - | Speaker of the House | Meira Kumar (INC) | - | Chief Justice | S. H. Kapadia | Legislature | Sansad | - | Upper House | Rajya Sabha | - | Lower House | Lok Sabha | Independence | from the United Kingdom | - | Declared | 15 August 1947 | - | Republic | 26 January 1950 | Area | - | | 3,287,263 km2 ‡(7th)
1,269,219 sq mi | - | Water (%) | 9.56 | Population | - | 2011 estimate | 1,192,826,000[10] (2nd) | - | 2001 census | 1,028,610,328[11] | - | Density | 362.9/km2 (31st)
939.8/sq mi | GDP (PPP) | 2010 estimate | - | Total | $4.001 trillion[12] (4th) | - | Per capita |

References: 3. ^ "National Song – Know India portal". National Informatics Centre(NIC). 2007. http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_song.php. Retrieved 11 June 2009.  4 5. ^ "The Union: Official Language". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC). 2007. http://india.gov.in/knowindia/official_language.php. Retrieved 11 June 2009.  6 7. ^ "Official Languages Resolution, 1968". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC). http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolresolutioneng.htm. Retrieved 11 June 2009.  8 11. ^ "India at a glance: Population". Census of India, 2001. Government of India. http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/popu1.aspx. Retrieved 25 April 2009.  12 19. ^ Oldenburg, Phillip. 2007. "India: History[dead link]," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. Archived 1 November 2009. 20. ^ "Ethnologue report for India". http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IN. Retrieved 20 अगस्त, 2008.  21 26. ^ "India", Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press. 27. ^ Basham, A. L. (2000). The Wonder That Was India. South Asia Books. ISBN 0-283-99257-3.  28 29. ^ "Hindustan". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 2007. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266465/Hindustan. Retrieved 18 June 2007.  30 31. ^ Krishna Reddy (2003). Indian History. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. p. A107. ISBN 0-07-048369-8.  32 40. ^ written by John Farndon. (1997). Concise Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 455. ISBN 0-7513-5911-4.  41 44. ^ Montek Singh Ahluwalia (2002) (MS Word). Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?. Journal of Economic Perspectives. http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/speech/spemsa/msa008.doc. Retrieved 13 June 2007.  45 47. ^ Prakash, B.; Sudhir Kumar, M. Someshwar Rao, S. C. Giri (2000). "Holocene tectonic movements and stress field in the western Gangetic plains" (PDF). Current Science 79 (4): 438–449. http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252000/prakash.pdf.  48 62. ^ Thapar, Valmik. Land of the tiger: a natural history of the Indian subcontinent. University of California Press, 1997. ISBN 0520214706, 9780520214705.  63 66. ^ Valmik Thapar, Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent, 1997. ISBN 978-0-520-21470-5. 67. ^ a b Tritsch, M.E. 2001. Wildlife of India Harper Collins, London. 192 pages. ISBN 0-00-711062-6. 69. ^ K. Praveen Karanth. (2006). Out-of-India Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota. 70. ^ Groombridge, B. (ed). 1993. The 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. lvi + 286 pp. 71. ^ "The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972". Helplinelaw.com. 2000. http://www.helplinelaw.com/docs/wildlife/index.php. Retrieved 16 June 2007.  72 75. ^ Burnell, Peter J.. The resilience of democracy: persistent practice, durable idea. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0714649651, 9780714649658.  76 77. ^ Sarkar, Nurul. Sonia Gandhi: tryst with India. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2007. ISBN 8126907444, 9788126907441.  78 79. ^ Bhambhri, Chandra Prakash (1992). Politics in India 1991–92. Shipra Publications. pp. 118, 143. ISBN 978-81-85402-17-8.  80 85. ^ "River dolphin declared national aquatic animal". The Hindu. October 7, 2009. http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/07/stories/2009100757590400.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-11.  86 89. ^ Wheare, K.C. (1964). Federal Government (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 28.  90 91. ^ a b c Sharma, Ram (1950). "Cabinet Government in India". Parliamentary Affairs 4 (1): 116–126.  92 93. ^ Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution (2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 112.  94 97. ^ Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution (2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 127.  98 99. ^ a b Neuborne, Burt (2003). "The Supreme Court of India". International Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (1): 476–510. doi:10.1093/icon/1.3.476.  at p. 478.