* ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), if elevated can also be an indication of liver damage. ALT is an enzyme that is normally in the liver and kidneys. If the individual is healthy, the ALT is low, between 7-56 IU/L. Elevated ALT is an early indicator of liver damage usually elevating prior to a patient becoming jaundice (Hepatitis B, 2011).…
Lab test results show a positive anti-HCV and confirm that Chad has Hepatitis C. The nurse explains to Chad that Hepatitis is liver disease with inflammation of the cells of the liver. Chad states "I can't have Hepatitis. I had all three of the vaccinations before I started working as a paramedic."…
Hepatitis B is a global health problem, it is a liver infection that can cause serious complications and is potentially life threatening arising from the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This paper will provide an overview of hepatitis B, including demographic information, determinants of health, the epidemiological triangle, the role of the community health nurse and a national organization that addresses the communicable disease.…
Mary is 39 -year-old LPN and single mother who is attending a local community college to prepare for an A.S. degree in nursing so she can then become an RN. Mary has not been feeling well for several months. She has had bouts of nausea, a low fever, and has found that she no longer enjoys eating and smoking as much as she used to. She has also noticed that her urine is darker than usual and she has yellowing of her eyes. She has noted that she has a puffy appearance. Results of blood tests at her doctor’s office reveal that her ALT, AST , alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels are elevated and that she also has an elevated count of lymphocytes. Further tests reveal that she is positive for the presence of the anti-HCV in her blood. Biopsy reveals necrosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.…
The treatment of cirrhosis is aimed at stopping or delaying the progression and reducing complications. In alcoholic cirrhosis, for instance, the person must stop drinking alcohol to halt progression of the disease. If a person has hepatitis, the doctor may administer steroids or antiviral drugs to reduce liver cell injury.…
Mr. Arturo has an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by the hepatitis A, B, or C virus.…
15–25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B-related liver cancer or…
11. Provide the correct description for code 070.43 from the tabular list. ___Hepatitis E with hepatic coma________________…
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is recognized as an emerging pathogen in the United States. The epidemiological study of viral hepatitis C in the homeless is relevant because of the enormous burden of the disease on the public health care system over time. The CDC reports that “HCV is the most common blood-born infection in the population, with estimated prevalence rates of chronic infection at 1.8% of the general population. It is further estimated that 65% of the patients with chronic infections will develop active liver disease over 20-30 years, with 10-20% developing into cirrhosis and an additional 1-5% developing hepatocellular carcinoma” (Desai, 2002, p.396). Hepatitis C virus is transmitted primarily through percutaneous exposure however transmission can also occur though unapparent percutaneous or mucosal exposures such as in high risk sexual practices (CDC, website). There is no laboratory distinction between acute and chronic infection and no vaccination against hepatitis C. HCV is the “tenth leading cause of death in the U.S. as well as chronic liver disease. Because chronic carriers can live decades with none or few symptoms public health efforts are aimed at stopping transmission of HCV with “screening of potential carries to determine infection rates. The homeless have not been included in epidemiology studies of HCV due to their transient lifestyle making tracking and identification of carriers difficult. However data indicates that injection drug use accounts for the majority of cases of HCV among the homeless as compared to the general population.…
HIV/AIDS is a worldwide phenomenon that has affected many people and killed millions of others over time because of it. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS over a period of time, HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS stands for Auto immune deficiency syndrome. A sexually transmitted disease that has affected many people and altered many lives and a disease that I hope one day can have a cure to help those many people still living today that live with either of these diseases. More people need to be aware of this and continue on using protection when involved with sexual partners. Over time we have learned much more about it now and it is not like before that many people were afraid to be in contact with someone that had this disease we know now more about it and over time this will only grow and we will keep on informing ourselves about all these disease that have affected humanity.…
College freshman are participating in a study abroad program. When teaching them about hepatitis B, the nurse should instruct the students on:…
Hepatitis A is a virus found in the stool or blood which causes irritation or swelling of the liver. Hepatitis A is detected 15 to 45 days before symptoms occur symptoms are mild but may last several months. Fatigued, nausea, loss of appetite, dark urine, pale or clay-colored skin, yellowing of skin are all symptoms of the virus. To detect the virus a doctor may conduct a blood test finding raised IgM and IgG antibodies, Elevated liver enzymes, or a physical examination discovering an enlarged and tender liver. There is no specific treatment for the disease. Rest, no alcohol or substances that may be toxic to the liver, and avoiding fatty foods is recommended. Eighty five percent of all people with the virus get better within three months of the virus and after six months almost all people get better. Persons with chronic liver disease and older people are at a low risk of death. About 3,600 cases are reported of persons contracting the virus but because the symptoms are mild many people go without knowing they have contracted the virus.…
Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world and can estimated one third of the Global Population has been infected with the Hepatitis B virus. Therefore it continues to be a major global health problem. (WHO, 2009) This infection is highly prevalent to the third world countries which include the Philippines. It is caused by the Hepatitis B virus that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. A single virus particle can cause the disease. In fact the Hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infectious than human immunodeficiency virus. It is easily transmitted through infected blood and other body fluids like seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, breast milk, tears, saliva and open sores. The virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days. During that time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters the body of a person who is not infected. Hepatitis B is not transmitted through casual contact and by eating contaminated food. (WHO, 2009)…
For anyone, taking or administration drugs of any kind, they should read the label for directions. The directions clearly explain exactly what is appropriate to take in what amount of time, and sometimes even multiple times. For instance, Benadryl® Maximum Strength Severe Allergy and Sinus, says, “do not take more than 8 caplets in 24 hours” and “adults and children 12 years of age and over: 2 caplets every 6 hours while symptoms persist”. (Benadryl) So what happened in this case?…
Oftentimes student-run clinics (SCRs) can be important healthcare safety nets for underserved populations, their efficacy for improving patient health knowledge has not been thoroughly explored (Ouyang, Yuan, Sheu, Lau, Chen, Lai, 2013). From September 2011 to April 2012, a study was done by assessing patients’ retention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) knowledge after receiving student-led education at two student-run HBV screening and vaccination clinics. Patient education was provided by trained first and second-year medical, nursing, and pharmacy students, aided by a script and interpreters (Ouyang et al, 2013). Patient knowledge of HBV was evaluated at three points: before…