Harvard Referencing and Bibliography
References and Bibliographies
Effective Learning Service
References and Bibliographies
A
M E M B E R
O F
University of Bradford, School of Management
References and Bibliographies
PREFACE
Academic writing is special in an age of rapid communication. Most assignments in higher education require you to slow the tempo and carefully explore and test out ideas, either for their own sake or in relation to real or hypothetical situations. This requires you to, not just present and describe ideas, but to be aware of where they came from, who developed them - and why. Ideas, theories, models, practices are often shaped by the social norms, values and practices prevailing at the time and place of their origin and the student in higher education needs to be aware of these influences. Referencing plays a role, therefore, in helping to locate and place ideas and arguments in their historical, social, cultural and geographical contexts. Referencing can also help you to find your own voice in assignments, by helping you construct essays and reports that project the way you see or perceive things, but supported by a body of evidence that strengthens your opinions - and converts them into arguments. Education needs ideas, arguments and perspectives to thrive, but these have to be tested rigorously and subjected to the critical scrutiny of others. This is done by researching, preparing and presenting work into the public domain; a formidable task for any writer or commentator, and one that can take years sometimes to achieve. Referencing is then, also about respecting and honouring the hard work of writers and commentators – by acknowledging them in your assignments. Colin Neville Effective Learning Service
The Effective Learning Service at the School of Management is part of a UK government funded LearnHigher project, which involves collaboration between 16 UK institutions of higher education. The aim is to develop a resources network to enable students
Effective Learning Service
References and Bibliographies
A
M E M B E R
O F
University of Bradford, School of Management
References and Bibliographies
PREFACE
Academic writing is special in an age of rapid communication. Most assignments in higher education require you to slow the tempo and carefully explore and test out ideas, either for their own sake or in relation to real or hypothetical situations. This requires you to, not just present and describe ideas, but to be aware of where they came from, who developed them - and why. Ideas, theories, models, practices are often shaped by the social norms, values and practices prevailing at the time and place of their origin and the student in higher education needs to be aware of these influences. Referencing plays a role, therefore, in helping to locate and place ideas and arguments in their historical, social, cultural and geographical contexts. Referencing can also help you to find your own voice in assignments, by helping you construct essays and reports that project the way you see or perceive things, but supported by a body of evidence that strengthens your opinions - and converts them into arguments. Education needs ideas, arguments and perspectives to thrive, but these have to be tested rigorously and subjected to the critical scrutiny of others. This is done by researching, preparing and presenting work into the public domain; a formidable task for any writer or commentator, and one that can take years sometimes to achieve. Referencing is then, also about respecting and honouring the hard work of writers and commentators – by acknowledging them in your assignments. Colin Neville Effective Learning Service
The Effective Learning Service at the School of Management is part of a UK government funded LearnHigher project, which involves collaboration between 16 UK institutions of higher education. The aim is to develop a resources network to enable students
Citations: in the text e.g. (Handy 1994) are also included in the word count. The initials of the author of the chapter follow after the author’s last name. However, the initials of the editor(s) come before the last name(s) (as recommended in British Standards BS5605, 1990). Citation: (Management Today 2005) Reference: Management Today (2005) ‘Business Manners, Working From Home’, November 2005, p.12.