Hardness of Water
Experiment 05
Water Hardness
October 8th, 2013
The hardness of water was determined using the methods of titration, conductivity, and pH analysis. The mean and uncertainty of CaCO3 is 134±36.0 ppm. An error that could have potentially happened could be that the equivalence point was not correctly established causing inaccurate data.
BACKGROUND: 1In hard water there is a high amount of mineral content present in the water. Most of the mineral content that is present in water are Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Even though hard water does affect a person’s health, hard water can still have harmful effects in an industrial environment, appliances in a household setting, and certain cleaning task. 2For example, when hard water repeatedly goes through pipes, the water causes deposits that eventually build up and clog the pipes. When cleaning dishes the presence of hard water can be detected when a layer of film is present on the dishes. Soap becomes less effective when hard water is present because the soap will bond with the minerals in the water.
PROCEDURE: Hirko, R. Chemistry 112L General Chemistry I Laboratory, Seventh Edition; bluedoor: Minnetonka, MN, 2013
RESULTS:
Table 1. Ca2+/Mg2+ in tap water via EDTA titration.
Table 1 results were determined by pH analysis and EDTA titration. The moles of EDTA was found by using the EDTA concentration of 0.025 mol/L. Table 2. Conductivity probe calibration Figure 1. Conductivity of standard NaCl using conductivity probes.
1"H2OKits.com Water Blog." Negative Effects of Hard Water. H20 Kits, 16 Sept. 2008. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.
2”Water Hardness." Water Hardness. Freshwatersystems, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2013.
DISCUSSION: The mean and uncertainty for CaCO3 for tap water was determined
Water Hardness
October 8th, 2013
The hardness of water was determined using the methods of titration, conductivity, and pH analysis. The mean and uncertainty of CaCO3 is 134±36.0 ppm. An error that could have potentially happened could be that the equivalence point was not correctly established causing inaccurate data.
BACKGROUND: 1In hard water there is a high amount of mineral content present in the water. Most of the mineral content that is present in water are Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Even though hard water does affect a person’s health, hard water can still have harmful effects in an industrial environment, appliances in a household setting, and certain cleaning task. 2For example, when hard water repeatedly goes through pipes, the water causes deposits that eventually build up and clog the pipes. When cleaning dishes the presence of hard water can be detected when a layer of film is present on the dishes. Soap becomes less effective when hard water is present because the soap will bond with the minerals in the water.
PROCEDURE: Hirko, R. Chemistry 112L General Chemistry I Laboratory, Seventh Edition; bluedoor: Minnetonka, MN, 2013
RESULTS:
Table 1. Ca2+/Mg2+ in tap water via EDTA titration.
Table 1 results were determined by pH analysis and EDTA titration. The moles of EDTA was found by using the EDTA concentration of 0.025 mol/L. Table 2. Conductivity probe calibration Figure 1. Conductivity of standard NaCl using conductivity probes.
1"H2OKits.com Water Blog." Negative Effects of Hard Water. H20 Kits, 16 Sept. 2008. Web. 11 Oct. 2013.
2”Water Hardness." Water Hardness. Freshwatersystems, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2013.
DISCUSSION: The mean and uncertainty for CaCO3 for tap water was determined