Guillain-Fisher Syndrome Essay

Guillain-Barre´ syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disorder in the peripheral nervous system. According to the type of nerve fibers involved and the predominant nature of injury, GBS can be divided into acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motorsensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) and some other relatively rare subtypes. [1] The major subtypes are AIDP and AMAN which are distinct from each other regarding immunopathogenesis, electrophysiological findings, pathological changes and responses to treatment. [2,3].

GBS is, currently, the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis following the worldwide decline in incidence of poliomyelitis. The overall incidence rates in children varies from 1.1 to 1.8/100,000 per year. [4-5] There is an increase in incidence with increasing age. The age specific curve seems to show a bimodal distribution, with peaks in young adults and the elderly. Male predominance is observed. (4-10) namero The autoimmune pathology of GBS is triggered in most cases by antecedent bacterial or viral antigens.mediators infl 2015 The infecting organism induces humoral and cellular immune responses cross-reacting with ganglioside surface components of peripheral nerves. If this reaction targets Schwann cell surface
It also controls inflammatory response by regulating chemotaxis, activation and survival of natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, etc. (70) It may prove to be an important factor in recovery of the PNS from damage by encouraging proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the Schwann cells. (65) It is observed that TGF-b1 in plasma decreases in the first days of the disease associated with a loss of immune-regulatory function, however, its level increases during the recovery of GBS.