Guava Leaves Case Study

Medicines are one of the most in demand product in the world. Scientists conduct studies to improve medicines for it to become a better and faster treatment to different types of disease, because some bacterium are incompatible to be treated by some medicines. Long ago, in dateless times herbal plants are the only medicine used to treat illnesses and diseases. Up to now, most of the herbal plants are under observation for anti-microbial activity. Antibacterial compounds are from plants that can be phenolic substance like flavonoids. Tannin compounds are polyphenolic compounds that can be found in plants, food, beverages and water-soluble organic solvent; it may also be from several kinds of green plants (Mailoa et al, 2014). One of this is
Aureus. If hand-soap with guava leaves extract will be used as an antibacterial then the chance of acquiring diseases from staphylococcus aureus will decrease.
Methodology
Extraction Methods Used on Guava
Fresh leaves were cut into less than 2x2 cm. After collecting within half a day, 150 -200 g were boiled with 500 ml of distilled water placed in a Clevenger apparatus. Boil until distillation of oil ceased after 5-6 h. The volume of essential oils was determined from a calibrated trap. The essential oils in the distillate were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and kept in the freezer(Rao and Pande, 2006). Test for Flavonoids (Shinoda Test) Magnesium ribbon fragments, and concentrated hydrochloric acid drops were added to the extract. The indication of the presence of flavonoids is when the color is orange, red, pink, or
For the bacteria’s case, using a sterile borer, 5 mm diameter wells are mixed into the medium. The samples are inoculated with the test bacterium which needs to be adjusted to the 0.5 McFarland standard solution; a sterile cotton swab was dipped into the suspension, rotated several times, and pressed firmly on the inside wall of the tube above the fluid level removing excess inoculum. The surface of the agar plate was streaked over the entire sterile agar surface rotating the plate to ensure an even distribution of inoculum with a final swab around the rim. The plates need to dry for 3-5 min. Fifty uL aliquots of each test extract are dispensed into each well after the inoculation of the plates with bacteria. The wells are arranged 2 inches apart in a triangular form. Three plates are used for the extracting of bacterium and the same extract is used for each plate. For each bacterial strain, controls are maintained where pure solvents are used instead of the extract. The plates are sealed with parafilm, labeled, and placed in an incubator set to 37°C. After 24 hours of incubation, each plate should be examined for inhibition zones by using a ruler in millimeters (Biswas & et al,