gr 9 science study notes
Static electricity: electric charge that builds up on the surface of an object
Friction: is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact
When two objects are rubbed together there is more contact between the surfaces and so more electrons are transferred
Electron Affinity:
Electron affinity is the tendency of a substance to hold onto electrons.
Items high on the list (electrostatic/ triboelectric series) will tend to lose electrons easily (positive)
Items low on the list will tend to gain electrons easily, or hold on to their electrons
example: glass rubbed with plastic wrap glass is above plastic wrap glass will become positive and plastic wrap will become negative
Conductivity is the ability of materials to allow electrons to move freely in them
Insulators: are solids, liquids, or gases that resist or block the movement of electrons
Conductors: are materials that allow electrons to move freely.
Law of Attraction: states particles with opposite charges attract each other. (unlike charges attract)
Law of Repulsion: states that particles with like charges repel each other. (like charges repel)
-charged objects attract neutral objects, neutral objects show no reaction towards neutral objects
Charging by contact
-contact of the rod with the electroscope will cause a transfer of electrons and leave a permanent charge on the electroscope
-the charge on the electroscope will be identical to that on the rod
Charging by Induction
-the movement of electrons within a substance caused by a nearby charged object. There is no direct contact.
-a charged object is used to induce a charge in a neutral object and then the object is grounded so that charge is retained
-Grounding is the process of connecting a charged object to the Earth's surface. A conductor (a finger) allows charges/ electrons to travel to or from ground
-the charge on the electroscope will be opposite of the charge on the rod used in induction
Electrical discharge- an object is
Friction: is the force resisting the relative motion of two surfaces in contact
When two objects are rubbed together there is more contact between the surfaces and so more electrons are transferred
Electron Affinity:
Electron affinity is the tendency of a substance to hold onto electrons.
Items high on the list (electrostatic/ triboelectric series) will tend to lose electrons easily (positive)
Items low on the list will tend to gain electrons easily, or hold on to their electrons
example: glass rubbed with plastic wrap glass is above plastic wrap glass will become positive and plastic wrap will become negative
Conductivity is the ability of materials to allow electrons to move freely in them
Insulators: are solids, liquids, or gases that resist or block the movement of electrons
Conductors: are materials that allow electrons to move freely.
Law of Attraction: states particles with opposite charges attract each other. (unlike charges attract)
Law of Repulsion: states that particles with like charges repel each other. (like charges repel)
-charged objects attract neutral objects, neutral objects show no reaction towards neutral objects
Charging by contact
-contact of the rod with the electroscope will cause a transfer of electrons and leave a permanent charge on the electroscope
-the charge on the electroscope will be identical to that on the rod
Charging by Induction
-the movement of electrons within a substance caused by a nearby charged object. There is no direct contact.
-a charged object is used to induce a charge in a neutral object and then the object is grounded so that charge is retained
-Grounding is the process of connecting a charged object to the Earth's surface. A conductor (a finger) allows charges/ electrons to travel to or from ground
-the charge on the electroscope will be opposite of the charge on the rod used in induction
Electrical discharge- an object is