Gentrification And Revitalization

Gentrification the process of neighborhood change that results in the replacement of lower income residents with higher income ones.
Revitalization
• The process of enhancing the physical, commercial and social components of neighborhoods and the future prospects of its residents through private sector and/or public sector efforts. Physical components include upgrading of housing stock and streetscapes.
• Commercial components include the creation of viable businesses and services in the community.
• Social components include increasing employment and reductions in crime.
Reinvestment
• The flow of capital into a neighborhood primarily to upgrade physical components of the neighborhood, although reinvestment can also be made in human
Cities use a range of policy levers to revitalize neighborhoods or accomplish other goals, including direct investments, tax expenditures, and zoning regulations.
6. Tax Incentives
-These include tax credits and abatements for new city homebuyers, tax
-Credits for historical preservation, below market land sales, and land bank purchases (i.e. first-time homebuyer tax credit which appears to have been a factor in a large number of recent home purchases).
-Public Housing Revitalization: Another direct policy lever that may have the indirect effect of increasing gentrification is the federal HOPE VI public housing revitalization program.
-Consequences of Other Federal Policies: Anti discrimination policy and NSP
-Local Economic Development Tools: Cities utilize other economic development tools to spark revitalization, such as the construction of transit facilities, convention centers, and the disposition of city-owned property.
Characteristics of Communities After Gentrification has begun
• Significant Shift in Demographic makeup
• Restore fiscal health
• Public safety improvements
• Housing stock quality
greater income mix and deconcentration of poverty
5. changing street flavor and new commercial activity;
6. changing community leadership, power structure and institutions;
7. conflicts between old and new residents; and
8. increased value placed on the neighborhood by outsiders.
Cases of Gentrification
-Boston, Seattle, Chicago and Portland.
-Less rapid, but significant, levels of gentrification are occurring in Atlanta, Washington, D.C. and Denver
CRITICISM OF GENTRIFICATION
• Dislocation (displacement) – forced movement of residents from places that are being gentrified due to issues related to affordability
Equitable Development
• We define equitable development as the creation and maintenance of economically and socially diverse communities that are stable over the long term, through means that generate a minimum of transition costs that fall unfairly on lower income residents.
Gentrification in
-San Francisco
-Atlanta
-Cleveland
-Washington, DC
Housing Discrimination Using Housing Policy to address Discrimination
-Discrimination includes acts that introduce barriers that deny access to housing, constrain choices or increase costs.
-Renters vs. home buyers
Discriminatory