Genetic Cloning

1. Genetic cloning is one way of studying the specific proteins involved in cell division. A gene contains the instructions for how to make a protein. By mutating a gene, the protein’s shape, size and function could all be affected. Mutating a gene changes its instructions. Once a mutated gene is created and incorporated into a cell’s DNA, the cell replicates, creating many cells containing the mutant gene. The cells with the changed gene can then be compared to normal cells. For starters, you must chemically "cut" the gene you want to study from the DNA strand
. Then you would attach a target gene to a small, circular piece of DNA. Together, this is called a plasmid, which serves as the vehicle for transporting the gene.

The nest step would be to put the plasmid into an E. coli cell or another type of bacteria. As each E. coli cell divides, each new cell contains a copy of the plasmid containing the gene. After that process it would grow a lot of E. coli cells

Once your E. coli population has reached your desired number of cells, break apart the E. Coli cells using a chemical that dissolves the cell wall.

You would then filter the mixture of broken E. coli cells and collect only the plasmids containing the gene.

you would then put the plasmids into human cells. The type of cell varies depending on the research.
Over time, the plasmid will be incorporated into the host cell DNA and the new gene will change the proteins produced.

After all of these steps you would have to observe physical changes between the cells with the plasmid and those without.
2. Biotechnology is the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services. The oldest forms of biotechnology would be things such as making breads and curds with the help of microorganisms. The application of fermentation in the production of wine and other alcoholic beverages is also a biotechnological technique. With time biotechnology gradually