Preview

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 2

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
539 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 2
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM

Introduction
Constituents of Immune
? system
Types of immune response Introduction
The immune system is: The body defense mechanism an interacting set of organs, specialized cells and proteins designed to identify and destroy foreign invader

Ministry of defence of the human body

The immune system must be able to: differentiate between normal component of the body (“self”) and material that is not native to the body “nonself”
A highly specialized receptors present for discriminating between ”self” and
“nonself” components

*This is accomplished by the two arms of the immune system
1) The innate (natural or nonspecific) immune system
2) The adaptive (acquired or specific) immune system

These two systems perform many of their functions by cooperative interactions

Relax!
Neither Joking Nor thought flocking

Cellular Constituents Of The Immune
System

Types of White BloodCells
• There are 5 different types of
WBCs
• Neutrophils (60%)

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

– kill bacteria

• Eosinophils (2%)
– Allergic response
– Parasite killing

Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

• Basophils (1%)
– Allergic reactions

• Monocytes (4%)
– Become macrophages

• Lymphocytes (33%)

Neutrophil

Monocyte

Neutrophils

– Direct the immune system

 Other cells
 Fibroblast, platelets, some epithelial cells…etc.

Eosinophil
Basophil

Lymphocytes
• Two types of lymphocytes
– T-Cells (Thymus derived)
• Natural Killer Cells (Innate Immunity)
• CD4+ T-Cells (helper cells)
• CD8+ T-Cells (cytotoxic cells)

– B-Cells (Bone Marrow derived)

Antigen presenting cells (APC)
General
APC

Professional
APC

All Cells

B-Cells, Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Present antigen found outside the cell
Use an MHC class II molecule to present antigen Interact with CD4+ TCells
T-Cell Help

Present antigen found inside the cell
Use an MHC class I molecule to present antigen Interact with CD8+ TCells
 Cellular Killing

Molecules:
1: Cytokines: A large family of low

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    What is the mechanism by which fever is induced and what are its benefits in terms of combating an infection?…

    • 72800 Words
    • 292 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Immune System Correction

    • 420 Words
    • 2 Pages

    First and foremost, the white blood cells advance. Next, the Basophils is on the site as the histamines is use to bring the trusty monocytes and neutrophils. Later, the neutrophil travels along and devours frank. Now the monocytes turn into cell eaters who decide to consume the dead antigens and neutrophils.…

    • 420 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    1. The pediatrician described Jason’s pharynx, uvula, and tonsils as swollen and red. What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation, and how does each relate to changes in the blood vessels at a site of inflammation? Heat, redness, swelling and pain and according to the book loss of movement in in a joint. The damaged or in this case the infected area is inundated with phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) and what is called complement is activated and if the classical pathway is used that means the antibodies are produced and complement proteinsC1,2 and 4 are activated and in turn activated C3. The alternative pathway is when C3 and factors B,D, and P interact on the surface of the pathogen and C3 is again turned on and at this point it is split into C3a and C3b. When C3b binds to the pathogen the inflammation we all know and love becomes present. Fever is a response by the neurons in the hypothalamus in response to pyrogens which are secreted by macrophages and leukocytes. Pain is caused by the swelling of the area in question as the nerves are being pressed and toxins affecting the area.…

    • 656 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The immune system needs to be boosted from time to time to protect us from harmful illnesses and even the common cold. Luckily, the vitamins and proper health care of our bodies can provide many natural solutions to keep our immune systems healthy and strong throughout our lives. Immune system boosters create more white cells so our system can fight against illnesses and diseases. There are nutrients and supplements you can take to give your immune system a boost and help get back on a healthy path. Some of the nutrients would be Vitamin E which is an amazing antioxidant and immune system booster. Vitamin E has also been known to help with anti-aging and to assist in reducing the risk of CVD. However, Vitamin C is the number one immune system booster and probably the most efficient supplement you can take to fight off illness and germs. Vitamin C produces more white blood cells, antibodies and aides in the entry of any germs and viruses. If you take Vitamin C you can lower your risk of breast, prostate, and colon cancer. “The strength of our immune system is what makes the difference between who gets sick and who does not. The one with the immune system functioning below base-line normal has an increased risk of getting sick,” says Woodson Merrell, MD, director of integrative medicine at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City. If you want to enhance your immune system you can start by getting in shape. Exercising, when it comes to the immune system, is even more important than dieting. Also, reducing your stress level by even smiling a little more can help the immune system. Getting plenty of sleep can also help with your stress level. Last, but not least, maintaining a healthy diet by eating more fruits and vegetables. Eat oily fish like salmon, and try avoiding red meat whenever possible and add more fiber to your diet. Think of your immune system as an army; it uses special cells (soldiers)…

    • 387 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Immune System

    • 419 Words
    • 2 Pages

    How does the immune system react to pathogens? It fights off the pathogen by Leukocytes also known as white blood cells. When a pathogen enters the body the immune system becomes alert to it and sends out sends out the Phagocytes (a type of Leukocytes) which engulf the pathogens. If the body has a weak immune system, the pathogens eventually overtake the body which can result in a disease.…

    • 419 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Specialized immune cells: Leukocytes are normally found in the blood, while non-leukocytes are found in tissue. Fill in the cells classified under the following headings and note if they are found in blood or tissue.…

    • 441 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    1. The mercenary camp was in the Motaba River Valley of Zaire was bombed to stop the virus from spreading.…

    • 1482 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cardiovascular and Lymphatic-Immune Systems Worksheet Cardiovascular System Label the parts of the organ or structure, and describe the structure and its function. NumberStructureCharacteristics Function 1Left ventricleIt is the thickest of all the chambers. After flowing into the left atrium and through the mitral valve, blood enters the left ventricle before it is pumped out through the aortic valve into the aortic arch and onward to the rest of the body.Pumps oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body.2ArteryA good way to remember this is the A in arteries and away. The arteries always take out blood from the heart.Most arteries carry oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood from the heart to the rest of the body.3VeinVeins differ from HYPERLINK http//www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artery o Artery arteries in structure and function for example, arteries are more muscular than veins, veins contain valves.Most veins carry deoxygenated (containing less oxygen and more carbon dioxide and other wastes) blood from the body tissues to the heart, which then sends that blood through the pulmonary system to be oxygenated again. Blood Vessels Label the parts of the structure, and describe the structure and its function. NumberStructureCharacteristics Function 1Internal carotid arteryIt has many curvatures in different parts of its path. When it passes through the carotid canal and the side of the body of the sphenoid bone, it has double curvature and looks like the italic letter S.Enters the skull and supplies the anterior part of the brain (via cerebral branches), the eye and its appendages, and sends branches to the forehead and nose.2External carotid arteryFlows upward on the side of the head to branch into various structures in the neck, face, jaw, scalp, and base of the skull.The external carotid arteries supply oxygenated blood to the head.3Subclavian arteryDescends from the aortic arch and leads to the right arm.The subclavian artery supply blood to parts of the shoulder, neck…

    • 5318 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    |2nd |Surrounding cells leak fluid that affects the blood |An immediate local innate response in the infected tissues |…

    • 492 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Lymphatic System

    • 501 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System is very important. It helps with the Cardiovascular system, and our immune systems. The Lymphatic System is made up of two semi-independent parts. One is a network of lymphatic vessels.…

    • 501 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Lymphatic System

    • 479 Words
    • 2 Pages

    "In an essay of approximately 500 words, define and discuss the function and importance of the human body's lymphatic system."…

    • 479 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Lymphatic System

    • 874 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The health of our lymphatic system is vital to the health of our whole body. This system is critical to our body’s ability to detoxify and regenerate tissues, filter out toxins and foreign substances, recover crucial substances that have escaped from the blood, and maintain a healthy immune system.…

    • 874 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Super-antigens have several virulence factors that makes the host’s immune response kick into “overdrive” which releases large amounts of toxins into the body. Cytokines usually assist the body in defending off pathogens but super antigens cause them to turn into toxins. When released in large quantities, cytokines attack the immune system of the host and cause capillary leakage which usually cannot be reversed. The immune system then responds by producing an extremely high temperature and eventually leads to the multiple organ systems failing in the host. The super-antigen also produces activation of T cells that will not allow IG antibodies to kick in. These antibodies normally play an important role in defending off pathogens which leads…

    • 127 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    • Correct facilities are available for staff to dispose of soiled and contaminated materials or objects.…

    • 1108 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Exam 2 Bio 226

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages

    1. Endocrine Gland = is a ductless gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream…

    • 703 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics