Preview

Gender Discrimination

Satisfactory Essays
Open Document
Open Document
832 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Gender Discrimination
Article Title:Sectoral Gender Wage Differentials and Discrimination in the Transitional Chinese Economy
Author(s): Pak-Wai Liu, Xin Meng and Junsen Zhang
Source: Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Jul., 2000),

The purpose of study is to examine the impact of market transformation and economic reforms on gender wage differentials and discrimination in China .In last two decades china has moved from centralized to market oriented economy.Further it comapres the impact of economic reforms on the gender wage differntials and discrimination among employees in 3 particular sectors including state sector,collective sector and private sector.For the pupose of analysis,researcher analysed two data sets one from shanghai city and other from jinan.The result shows that marketization and privitization of economy leads to larger wage differentials, because in market competition employers can not afford to reward employee on any other criteria other than productivity but since emplyee differ in thier skills,gender wage gap increases.It is at also found that the relative share of discrimnation in gender wage differntials decreases significantly from different ownership sectors i.e from state to private.Thus the marketization contribute much larger towards overall gender wage differntials whereas it reduces the role of gender wage discrimination in contribution to overall gender wage differntials. Article Title:Gender Differences in Agency Head Salaries: The Case of Public Education
Author(s): Kenneth J. Meier and Vicky M. WilkinsReviewed Source: Public Administration Review, Vol. 62, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2002)
This study asesses gender differences in public salaries at indivual level.It uses quantitative approach,the data used was consist of more than 1000 full time Texas school superintendents during consistent 4 years.The study investigate probable effect of gender on suprintendents salaries determining whether the gender base wage disparities exist
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Pay Gap Annotated Bibliography
    • 437 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Pay Gap Annotated Bibliography

    Moreover, the authors highlighted that market forces cannot be the only determinants of gender wage gap in the society rather there are other societal and historical causes which need to be studied in details. This article will be very useful in this paper as it will state some of these factors rather than markets forces which have had a contribution on increased cases of gender wage gap in the society. at the same time, there will be an analysis of wage determination which will try to give an answer as to why women earn less as compared to their male…

    • 437 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Best Essays

    Why Has the Equal Pay (and Amendment) Act Not Resulted in Equal Pay in the Uk?
    • 2157 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Why Has the Equal Pay (and Amendment) Act Not Resulted in Equal Pay in the Uk?

    According to research findings into the gender pay gap by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC), the argument of many economists as to why there is still a substantial pay gap between the genders is that of an individual 's acquired human capital; ‘the individual differences (made) in the choice of investment in education and training, type of occupation, sector of employment and employment status. '…

    • 2157 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Gender Pay Gap Research Paper
    • 233 Words
    • 1 Page

    Gender Pay Gap Research Paper

    Gender pay gaps persist not only in the United States but also around the world. The gender pay inequality is the reason why female in America makes 78 cents per 1 dollar of males’ salary. The gender is still the factor when it comes of determining a salary for an employee. Woman always placed with wage discrepancies and difference compared to what men earn. Unseen and often not acknowledged barriers that stop a woman from rising to upper position regardless of their achievement or qualifications. These patterns shows acceptance and power of social structure in our society.…

    • 233 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Annotated Bib Gender Roles
    • 1966 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Annotated Bib Gender Roles

    Roos, P. A. (1981). Sex stratification in the workplace: Male-Female differences in economic returns to occupation. Social Science Research, 10(3), 195-224. The study causes the idea that there is a large earning gap between men and women. Gender differences in earning are important because it focuses on the gender-based inequalities of power at the workplace. The author of the study used a literature review to explain the gender gap in earning, and it showed that sex segregated characteristics still remain at the occupational level. It shows that women work at low paying jobs and they are less likely to use authority in those jobs. The main reason why there are gender differences in earnings is the belief of human capital theory, and it has a huge concern with the supply side of the market. The researcher used a non-institutionalized English speaking population to explain the data for gender influenced gap in earning. The sample included 959 men and 670 women. The results showed that women are paid low wages, and are in positions of low responsibility. Even when a women reaches a higher level job, their earning is much lower than that of men. The results also show that women’s low income is mainly because of their job characteristics, in that men and women are distributed differently across jobs. Men earn more than women, mainly because women are not considered employers. The study demonstrated that the characteristics of the workers create inequality at the workplace; this is also a reason for why there is a large gap in earning between genders. Human capital theory discourages women from working and it presents women as low rent employees. They have less understanding of the mean of production. The characteristics of this research show improvement in the earnings of men and women.…

    • 1966 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Teamwork Paper
    • 1181 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Teamwork Paper

    The review of literature consists of the research topic, which includes how a female employee is paid in comparison to a male employee. The pay-gap between the average pay of men and women has been an issue for the past decades. “The main explanations for the gap are occupational which confines women to the least well paid jobs and industries methods of pay determination which work against equal pay “(Doherty & Stead, p. 17). The peer-reviewed articles summarize within the hotel and catering industries itself; variations were found in the pay in different sectors of the industry and within occupational groups” (Doherty & Stead, p. 17). For example a female’s earning in commercial catering services were proven to be paid higher in the industries like hotels, restaurants, pubs, and clubs but at the same time women were found to have increased their share of management posts were tended to be less well paid than those positions held by men. Another article that states that the House of Representative Standing Committee on Employment and workplace Relations inquiry into pay equity examined why women workers continue to be paid less than their male employers even thought they both have the same job skills, experience ,and also performed the same job functions. Another found articles on peer reviewed, states “a job theory of discrimination has the virtue that it addresses a stylized fact in the labor market that women received about the same treatment as men within job but are less likely to be promoted into good job positions. The theory derives an explicit rule for promotions bias according to sex and predicts the way it varies by firm-specific job value” (Lazear, E.& Rosen (1990).…

    • 1181 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Gender Pay Gap
    • 694 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Gender Pay Gap

    For decades now, there has been an ongoing pay gap amongst men and women. Some people say it is the woman’s choice and they made it that way, others say it is plain out sexism. To this day, there is still no definitive reason why, but the gap seems to close little by little each year. Can we contribute that to women standing up for themselves more, working harder to prove their worth, or even challenging the system? T.J. Billitteri wrote the article entitled Gender pay gap touching base on the important fact which is women working and sharing the same career title as a man are making far less money (March 14, 2008).CQ Researcher, 18, 241-264.Billitteri begins his article touching base on a large lawsuit of Ledbetter vs. Goodyear tire. Ledbetter, one of few females in her supervisory position, realized she was making $559.00 a month less than the males in the same position. She received around $3 million in back pay and damages. That case stirred up a lit of press on the pay gap issue and put emphasis on bills such as the Fair Pay Act. Recognized female state officials are pushing the enforcement of Fair Pay Acts and Equal Pay Acts more and more on Congress and the Senate still to this day. Billitteri (2008) states with those in effect men and women would have equal compensation when working in the same field. A prime example is a women working as a Chief Executive makes on average 22 percent of what a male Chief Executive makes. Looking at the 2006 U.S. Census statistics it showed “the pay gap at about 77 percent of the men’s median full-time, year-round earnings.” (Billitteri 2008). In Billitteris’ article he discusses how when hiring a female the company takes into account the possibilities for maternity leave, higher insurance needs, time off to care for children, and a raised risk for sexual harassment claims. It has become apparent that women are intimidated to seek out executive or other high paying positions…

    • 694 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Teacher Merit Pay
    • 1705 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Teacher Merit Pay

    There has been a huge debate on whether or not teacher pay or performance pay is a positive thing because there are no real guidelines. Many good points are brought into this debate as there are bad points. In theory, performance and merit pay sound great and solve all problems, but this is where the argument begins. What teachers are considered eligible to receive merit pay? Are standardized tests a good way to indicate improvement? Should students with learning disabilities be a contributing factor to merit pay? As a result to all these questions, all of them have some sort of error. One cannot give a school merit pay based on a certain criteria. There should be a lot to consider when determining whether or not merit pay is a good idea.…

    • 1705 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Gender Discrimination Research Paper
    • 1849 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Gender Discrimination Research Paper

    The impact of discrimination against women and their pay entitlements has been, without debate, proven by many polls and research efforts. According to an article published in The Wall Street Journal that conducted a poll discussing gender in workplace bias, “84% of women say men are paid more for similar work, a view borne out by government data but which draws agreement from only two-thirds of men. More than four in 10 women say they have faced gender discrimination personally, most often in the workplace” (Nelson). The article further expounds to address very specific data. Some of that data was collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. “The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that women who work full-time earn 79% of the weekly pay that men bring home. The Institute for Women's Policy Research, which tracks the gender wage gap, finds that women's median earnings lag men's in almost every occupation. While the gap narrowed during the 1980s and 1990s, there has been little movement since 2000” (Nelson). While there are minute differences in statistical findings from different reports, they have all provided the same general concept that differences in pay do exist based on…

    • 1849 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Human Resource Management
    • 594 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Human Resource Management

    Evaluation of whether a company is fair to women in terms of pay structure could be done from two perspectives. The first would include a comparison of remuneration of women with regard to that of men. In this regard, the determination of whether the company is fair or discriminative to women when it comes to pay structure would be based on whether there exist great disparities or differences between pay for men and that for women serving in the same job group. On the other hand, this could be determined through recruitment and employment policy of the company. Whereas the company may not directly pay women less amounts of pay as compared to men, it may do so through developing policies that inhibit professional growth and advancement of women employs and indirectly keeps their pay at the lowest rates (Weiss, 2004).…

    • 594 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Wage Gap Analysis
    • 756 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The Wage Gap Analysis

    Two landmark court cases served to strengthen and further define the Equal Pay Act: Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. (1970), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit; Ruled that jobs need to be “substantially equal” nut not “identical” to fall under the protection of the Equal Pay Act. An employer cannot, for example, change the job titles of women workers in order to pay them less than men.; Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974) U.S. Supreme Court; Ruled that employers cannot justify paying women lower wages, because that is what they traditionally received under the “going market rate.” A wage differential occurring “simply because men would not work at the low rates paid women” was unacceptable. (“The Equal Pay Act”) While these things have caused the gap to narrow there is still s noticeable difference in the pay of…

    • 756 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Gender Discrimination In The Workplace
    • 1056 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Gender Discrimination In The Workplace

    When it comes to gender discrimination in workplace, bullying towards women is one of the most serious issues that cannot be ignored.…

    • 1056 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Gender Wage Gap
    • 726 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Gender Wage Gap

    Have you ever considered that the gender wage gap can account for gender wage gap? Men and women grossing difference has been an ongoing examination. In 2010 Jingyo Suh published “Decomposition of the Change in the Gender Wage Gap” in which he conducted a study investigating determinants and characteristics of changes in the gender gap between 1989 and 2005. The 1970s and 1980s were decades of remarkable economic progress for women. After a period of stagnation in the early 1970s at the low 60 percent of the average men's wage, earnings for women in salaried full-time year-round positions grew faster than men's and narrowed the gender wage gap (Suh, 2010). Although the gap has narrowed, it is still ongoing and exists. What causes this ongoing…

    • 726 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Gender Pay Gap
    • 1639 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The Gender Pay Gap

    The pay gap between men and women has fallen quite dramatically over the past 30 years though a sizeable gap still remains, but this headline figure masks some less positive developments in recent years. We are used to each generation of women making progress relative to the one before, but this process has slowed slightly with the better than the previous one(Centre Piece Summer 2006).…

    • 1639 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Gender Wage Gap in America
    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Gender Wage Gap in America

    The gender wage gap has been around since women began having jobs and careers. Though in the beginning the gender wage gap was purely do to discrimination by social stereotypes, now it has become more complicated than that. The issue today has evolved into a complex issue which combines our American culture with business economics. As a result, some are skeptical of the issue and some are very adamant in their beliefs. The issue encompasses not only gender stereo types but also educational, government policies and business’s best practices.…

    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Wage Gap In America
    • 991 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Wage Gap In America

    The pay gap between women’s and men’s salaries is an ongoing problem that will likely continue for many years. The gap has narrowed within the last 35 years and hopefully will continue on this path, maybe even at a faster rate. Treating women impartially despite race, age or level of education is one of the simplest solutions to increase the rate at which we reduce the wage…

    • 991 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More

Related Topics