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Gaushala Semen Conservation

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Gaushala Semen Conservation
Semen Banking and Gaushalas: An important partners for ex situ conservation of cattle biodiversity

Rajeev A.K Aggarwal1, P.K.Viz1, M.S.Tantia1, B.K.Joshi2
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India

The indigenous cattle breeds and their diversity have evolved over a long period of time and developed as milch, draught or dual purpose breeds. Many of these breeds in spite of their satisfactory performance in low input system are fast depleting due to their economical non-viability, hence there is an urgent need of preserving this rich indigenous genetic resources biodiversity which is genetic insurance for sustainable development in future. Artificial insemination and semen freezing is well established technology, which is being used successfully in cattle propagation and breed improvement programme, and can simultaneously be utilized to conserve the cattle biodiversity by storing frozen semen for posterity. Such conservation programme involves long term storage of germplasm in semen bank and its replenishment through utilization and exchange. The Gaushalas are playing significant role socially and culturally for protecting cattle wealth of our country, therefore they have potential of becoming an important and meaningful partner in both in in situ and ex situ conservation programme.

Cattle Wealth of India

India has a rich reservoir of genetic diversity and possesses some of the well known breeds of cattle. There are 30 well defined breeds of cattle in India apart from several other undefined populations. Recognized breeds represent about 20% of the total

1 Principal Scientists, 2 Director, NBAGR, Karnal cattle population, which are classified into milch, draft and dual purpose breeds. These breeds of cattle are the result of thousands of years of selection, evolution and development in the process of domestication suitable to the local agro climatic conditions. Milch breeds like Sahiwal, Red Sindhi,



References: 1. Alderson L (1981). The conservation of Animal Genetic Resources in United Kingdom. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No. 24, pp 53-76. FAO, Rome. 2. Bowcock A M, Ruiz-Lineares A, Tonfohrde J, Minch E, Kidd J R and Cavalli-Sforza L L (1994). High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellite. Nature 368: 455-457. 3. Bradley D G, MacHugh D E, Cunning-ham P and Loftus R T (1996). Mitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 93: 5131-5135. 4. Buchanan F C, Adams L J, Littlejohn R P (1994) Determination of evolutionary relationships among sheep breeds using microsatellites. Genomics 22: 397-403. 5. CAST (1984). Animal germplasm preservation and utilization in agriculture. Published by Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Report No. 101: 30-31. 7. FAO. (1995a). Global project for the maintainance of domestic animal genetic diversity (MoDAD). Draft Project Formulation Report. FAO, Rome, Italy 8 10. Mac Hugh D E, Shriver M D, Laftus, R T, Cunningham P, Bradley D G (1997). Microsatellite DNA variation and the evolution, domestication and phlogeography of taurine and zebu cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus ). Genetics 146: 1071-86. 11. Maijala K (1982). Preliminary report of the working party on animal genetic resources in Europe. In Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources. Session 1. Commission of Animal Genetics, EAPP, G.I.@ Leningrad. 12. Miller R H (1977). The need for end potential application of germplasm preservation in cattle. J. Heredit., 68: 365-374. 14. Nivsarkar A E, Vij P K, Tantia M S (2000). Strategies for conservation. In Animal Genetic Resources of India Cattle and Buffalo. pp 318-333, ICAR, India 15 16. Smith C (1984). Economic benefits of conserving animal genetic resources. Animal Genetic Resources Information. 3: 10-14.

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