Francis Fukuyama Analysis

The end of the Cold War in 1991 took the world by storm and theorists looked and searched for new theories to explain every international skirmish and conflict. They could no longer use the struggle between democracy and Marxist Leninist dictatorship of the proletariat as an explanation. Francis Fukuyama and Samuel P. Huntington came up with two controversial theories to explain the basis for future disputes between nation states. The End of the World by Francis Fukuyama and the Clash of Civilizations by Samuel P. Huntington are two theories became the touchstones of any debate about the direction of the world. However, I feel both theories have been somewhat overstated and simplified but are still important to understand the events and the
He argues that the ending of the Cold War in 1991 had shown that capitalism and liberal democracy had more pros than cons than any other form of government. He expected or hoped that, their success would be recognized, and they would be adopted across the globe, thus ending ideological conflicts and disputes and establishing a period of universal peace. The universal peace would mean and represent “the end of history”. There would still be occasions of war and disputes but nothing significant or fundamental enough to bring about or cause a drastic change in the world. As there would be no change there would be no evolution and thus citizens of this post-revolutionary world would be called the “last man”. According to Fukuyama, history is a revolutionary process, whereby the movement is from worse to good or barbarism to civilization. The driving force behind history’s evolution is the liberal democratic state as it encourages citizens to struggle and strive for improvement, reforms and recognition. Societies will move from less free to liberal democracy. For Fukuyama, a capitalist democracy is the final destination for all societies. Capitalism is the only system that satisfies the yearning for equality that exists in any society and our part of human nature. The human history is a story of the search of being free and equal, and that will only be possible in a capitalist democracy.
Fukuyama argued that after the Cold War, there will be a massive spread of democracies throughout the world, and liberal democracies will satisfy the needs and desires of people, regardless of their religion, age, gender, cultural affiliation. Considering the fact; there were 51 new democracies that came into existence after the Cold War which was compared to 30 democracies in 1987. The establishment of 51 democratic states (they may be unstable democracy, or liberal) is a progress and supports Fukuyama’s theory. Fukuyama did not predict the immediate spread of democracy throughout the world.
States that do not establish a liberal democracy and have a capitalist economic system will remain in the historical part of the world, and so they are not at the end of history. States that become a liberal democracy will be is conflict with states that do not become a liberal democracy and have a capitalist economic system. They will fight over weapons, immigration and oil. This is a common aspect between the two theories as they do discuss conflict. For Fukuyama, cultures play as important a role as ideology played during the Cold