Four Frames of Organization

Four frames of organization

Structural Frame:
• Focuses on roles and responsibilities, coordination, and control. Organization charts help define this frame.

• Exist to achieve goals and objectives
• Increase efficiency through specialization and division of labor
• Have coordination and controls to align work to goals and objectives

Human Resources Frame:
• Focuses on providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people.
• People and organizations need each other; people need careers; organizations need the energy of people.
• it undermines the relationships

Political Frame
• Assumes organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. Conflict and power are key issues.
• emphasis is on tactics and strategies—not conflict resolution

Symbolic frame
• Focuses on symbols and meanings related to events. Culture is important.
• seeps into the culture
• maintain image of accountability and responsiveness; negotiate a new social order

PMt Tools and Techniques Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management. Specific tools and techniques include: Project charters, scope statements, and WBS (scope). Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analyses, critical chain scheduling (time). Cost estimates and earned value management (cost). Project Manager Roles Leadership and Guidance Planning Customer Relations Coordination Technical Leadership Senior Management Liaison

Project Manager (PM) Tasks Goals Set them Monitor them Emphasize them Reset them Tools Determine them Get them Evaluate them
Team
Facilitate communication Facilitate coordination
Work
Evaluate Coordinate Communicate
Processes
Initiate Evaluate Terminate

A Systems View of Project Management