Flu Virus Change

Influenza viruses are constantly changing. This is why they emphasize getting your yearly flu shot. An interesting feature of the influenza virion is its tendency to “drift and shift” ("How the Flu Virus Can Change: “Drift” and “Shift”." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.). Pathologists coined this phrase when they discovered an antigenic drift in the DNA of an influenza strain. These changes are usually not big enough to affect our immune system’s ability to identify a certain strain. Over time however, these genetic drifts can accumulate and create enough of a difference in the genetic makeup to allow the virion to infiltrate the human body without being recognized. Shifting is the less common of the two, but is more aggressive. It occurs when new Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase proteins emerge, completely changing the subtype of the virus. The change happens so quickly that
Coming into contact with an already infected individual is the easiest mode of transport for the virion. Any contact with surfaces contaminated with the mucosal fluids of an infected person can potentially make you sick. Once these contaminates make their way into your nose or mouth, they get stuck in the mucosal lining of the throat and can replicate there. To avoid this, people should properly sanitize main areas of traffic. Bathrooms and kitchens are places where viruses can easily be transmitted. If it is suspected that you are sick, wash your hands often and thoroughly. Sanitize all surfaces you’ve come into contact with and cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing. Avoiding sharing belongings and food with other people can cut down on the risk of spreading germs. The flu is extremely contagious and a healthy person can transmit it a day before symptoms even show up. This contagious stage can last up to 5-7 days. It is very important to have as little contact with others as possible during this