Flower and Angiosperms

Angiosperms have a wide distribution in the biosphere and the largest number of species in the plant kingdom. An angiosperm is seed plant that produces flowers and fruits. Angiosperms are divided into monocots and eudicots. They are classified in Anthophyta. There are four structures for reproduction found in angiosperms. These structures include fruits, petals, stamen, and carpel. Fruits, which are the matured ovaries of plants helps to disperse the seeds of angiosperms. By being tasteful, more animals are attracted to the fruit therefore allowing the fruit to be dispersed. The petals of the flower attract pollinators, due to their appearance. Flowers have evolved to attract animals to transfer pollen between individuals in dispersed populations. Stamens are the male reproductive structure, they produce microspores in the anthers of a flower to produce pollen grains. Pollen is able to be transferred by wind due to its waterproof coating. The carpel of an angiosperm is the female reproductive structure, which produces female gametophytes with eggs. The carpel helps to create and ovule. The ovule protects the eggs and zygote, it is an a adaptation which increases reproductive fitness.

Unlike angiosperms, mosses (bryophytes) have not achieved the widespread terrestrial success. They are not as successful as angiosperms due to the fact that they are non vascular. Non-vascular means that they have no xylem or phloem tissue. This lack of vascular tissue is the cause of the small size of bryophytes. Bryophytes gametophytes are the dominant stage of the life cycle. They need water for the sperm to swim to the egg during fertilization. Since their sporophytes are photosynthetic, when not matured, they have to absorb sugars, water, and other nutrients form parental gametophytes. They create spores, instead of seeds, pollen, and fruits. They need to be in environments with moisture. Angiosperms are more adapted because they have more methods of increased