| A rich source of one of the most beneficial groups of antioxidant bioflavanoids yet discovered. Protects blood vessel walls from free radical damage,…
When they bond with the new molecules, the free radicals destroy the new molecules and at the same time promote diseases.…
The objective of this experiment is to conduct a free radical reaction and measure the ratio of products through a GC analysis. Free radical reactions are important to understand because they allow chemists to design synthesis of complex molecules from very simple organic molecules. The reagents used were 2,3-dimethylbutane as the carbon chain, t-butyl peroxybenzoate as the initiator, and sulfuryl chloride as the source of chloride radicals. The predicted products are 1-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane and 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane based on the primary or tertiary hydrogen being replaced with chlorine. The predicted ratio of these products is 45% tertiary and 54% primary. The GC analysis of the products showed that the solution contained 64% tertiary and 36% primary.…
The effect of lycopene on 7,12 dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced experimental breast cancer was investigated in female Sprague Dawley rats. Histopathological examination revealed the formation of tumor and angiogenesis in DMBA-induced rats and these abnormal changes were ameliorated by treatment with lycopene. The protective effect of lycopene was inherent to the increase of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and glutathione (GSH). Flux cytometry and gene expression analyses indicated that lycopene inhibits breast tumorigenesis by promoting apoptosis in mammary tissue through the mediation of pro- and anti-apoptotic biomarkers. Further analyses suggested that the antitumor…
1. Fluoride exposure disrupts the synthesis of collagen, which leads to the breakdown of the bones, tendons, muscles, skin, cartilage, lungs, kidney and trachea.…
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include super oxide ion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO- ) are the causative agents to produce oxidative stress. ROS are produced by two independent pathways: mainly the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and cellular responses to bacterial invasion, xenobiotic and cytokines. To counteract the formation of ROS, a number of antioxidant proteins have been described. These proteins are superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and ferritin heavy chain etc.…
Fluoride is the main contributor to several other health problems including weaken bones and indigestion, unfortunately none of these theories have been extensively proven.…
Herbs increase nitric oxide and benefit you in various ways. Some herbs trigger NO production and activate macrophages --- a type of white blood cell[pic] involved in engulfing and digesting invading pathogens. Other herbs act as vasodilators by increasing NO in your vascular tissue. Nitric oxide has a role to play in keeping you healthy, but excess NO can have serious side effects. Check with a knowledgeable practitioner for advice about dosage and preparation of herbs that increase nitric oxide.…
* they quench free radicals which are things that are produced from normal metabolism, especially energy metabolism.…
3. Resende, F.A., Vilegas, W., Santos 3, L.C., Varanda, E.A., “Mutagenicity of Flavonoids Assayed by Bacterial Reverse- Mutation (Ames) Test.” Molecules 1420-3049 (2012): 5256-5257.…
antioxidant defenses leading to oxidation and further contributing to muscle damage [63]. Interestingly, some studies…
Antioxidant is defined as, “a molecule capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death of the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves. (Wikipedia, 2011 1)” These antioxidant rich berries aide skin by reducing the effects of aging and providing better elasticity. An E-zine article stated, “Regardless of whether it is used as a topical cream or as an oral pill, the Acai berry…
Leavesley, H.B., Krishnan, L.L., Prabhakaran, K. et al. 2008. Interaction of cycanide and nitric oxide with…
The term free radical describes any molecule that has a free electron, and this property makes it react with healthy molecules in a destructive way. Free radicals are known to attack the structure of cell membranes, which then create metabolic waste products. Such toxic accumulations interfere with cell communication, disturb DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, lower energy levels and generally impede vital chemical processes. It is believed that free radicals create damage that gives rise to symptoms of aging like wrinkles and decrease in elasticity in the skin and muscles (Theories of aging, n.d.). Change in appearance, decrease energy, painful intercourse due to lack of elasticity, and so on affects a person’s desire to have…
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is naturally formed in living organisms, however it is very harmful and is broken down immediately by several enzymes including catalase. This enzyme catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Persons with acatalasemia (a hereditary condition) have extremely low catalase activity and, although present worldwide, it is more commonly found in Koreans. Hydrogen Peroxide is usually used as a topical disinfectant in wounds and the bubbling that is seen in the experiment is due to the oxygen gas released from the tested substance. Because of this, any cell that uses oxygen or lives in the presence of oxygen must have a way to get rid of the peroxide. One of these ways is to make catalase.…