Fiqh Muamalat with Islamic Economics
Uncertainty (Gharar)
عقد الغرر
Definition of Gharar:
Literally: Gharar means risk, deceit, or hazard. Taghrir is the verbal noun of Gharar.
Legitimate definition: Ibn Hazm said, Gharar in sales occurs when the purchaser does not know what he has bought and the seller does not know what he has sold.
Al-Sarkhasy: One of the most famous jurists of Hanafi school said:" Gharar occurs when consequences are concealed."
Al-Zailii: A famous jurist of the same school said' "Gharar occurs when consequences are unknown and when it is not certain whether something will take place or not."
Ibn Abdinsaid," Gharar is uncertainty over the existence of sold object.
Ibn –Taymiya said, "It occurs when the sold object is undeliverable.
وعن ابن عمر رضى الله عنهما قال – ابتعت زيتا فى السوق ( أى اشتريته ) فلما استوجبته لقينى رجل فأعطانى فيه ر بحا حسناً ,
فأردت أن أضرب على يد الرجل ( بما يفيد القبول ) فإذا برجل يأخذ بزراعى من خلفى , فإذا هو زيد ابن ثابت فقال لاتبعه حيث ابتعته حتى تحوزه الى رحالك.
Types of gharar and examples:
ومن أمثلة بيع الغرر : بيع السمك فى الماء والطير فى الهواء والأجنة فى بطون الأمهات والعبد الآبق والبعير الشارد واللبن فى الضرع وعسب الفحل أو بيع المضامين والملاقيح .
Selling fish in water( before it has been caught), birds in the air, fetus in the wombs of their mothers ( cattle's females), unripe fruits, grains before becoming hard, milk in the udders, wool on the back of animals and sheep, absent sale, two
Sales in one, down payment, what is hidden underground or beneath the earth, the fugitive slave, the straggling camel and selling what is not in one's possession or undeliverable and non-
1- Contracting on a non-existent object
The majority of the Islamic jurists have absolutely banned the sale of non-existent object because it involves Gharar element. The banning here means that goods not to be sold before its possession. When Hakim Ibn Hozam asked Allah's Apostle saying: "some people ask me to sell something which is not
عقد الغرر
Definition of Gharar:
Literally: Gharar means risk, deceit, or hazard. Taghrir is the verbal noun of Gharar.
Legitimate definition: Ibn Hazm said, Gharar in sales occurs when the purchaser does not know what he has bought and the seller does not know what he has sold.
Al-Sarkhasy: One of the most famous jurists of Hanafi school said:" Gharar occurs when consequences are concealed."
Al-Zailii: A famous jurist of the same school said' "Gharar occurs when consequences are unknown and when it is not certain whether something will take place or not."
Ibn Abdinsaid," Gharar is uncertainty over the existence of sold object.
Ibn –Taymiya said, "It occurs when the sold object is undeliverable.
وعن ابن عمر رضى الله عنهما قال – ابتعت زيتا فى السوق ( أى اشتريته ) فلما استوجبته لقينى رجل فأعطانى فيه ر بحا حسناً ,
فأردت أن أضرب على يد الرجل ( بما يفيد القبول ) فإذا برجل يأخذ بزراعى من خلفى , فإذا هو زيد ابن ثابت فقال لاتبعه حيث ابتعته حتى تحوزه الى رحالك.
Types of gharar and examples:
ومن أمثلة بيع الغرر : بيع السمك فى الماء والطير فى الهواء والأجنة فى بطون الأمهات والعبد الآبق والبعير الشارد واللبن فى الضرع وعسب الفحل أو بيع المضامين والملاقيح .
Selling fish in water( before it has been caught), birds in the air, fetus in the wombs of their mothers ( cattle's females), unripe fruits, grains before becoming hard, milk in the udders, wool on the back of animals and sheep, absent sale, two
Sales in one, down payment, what is hidden underground or beneath the earth, the fugitive slave, the straggling camel and selling what is not in one's possession or undeliverable and non-
1- Contracting on a non-existent object
The majority of the Islamic jurists have absolutely banned the sale of non-existent object because it involves Gharar element. The banning here means that goods not to be sold before its possession. When Hakim Ibn Hozam asked Allah's Apostle saying: "some people ask me to sell something which is not