Fabrication of a Twin Rubbish Bin to Disseminate Information to the Public & to Improve Waste Management.

Project Work.

Fabrication of a twin rubbish bin to disseminate information to the public & to improve waste management.

Based on a research synopsis prepared by Kekeli Buckner.

CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Cleanliness they say is next to Godliness. All over the world, human beings are tasked with the responsibility to manage and sustain the earth. For thousands of years the earth has remained a habitable planet. This is mainly because human beings have a culture of keeping their environs clean and tidy and the tool which helps them to keep their society clean is the rubbish bin. Most of us have one and probably have had one for most of our lives but very few of us give the humble rubbish bin much thought. But in fact the rubbish bin has gone through dramatic changes which have coincided with changes that our society has been through over the last hundred years or so. Whether you call it a dustbin, rubbish bin, garbage can or wheelie bin, the changes to our main refuse collection bin have been dramatic and represent the changing way we live our lives. Dustbins have only been around since the last 150 years or so. Before that time there was little need for dustbins or waste bins as most waste people discarded ash (from fires), wood, bones, body waste and vegetable matter which more-often-than-not was just burned in the fireplace.However, when the industrial revolution happened, more and more consumable items were being purchased and an increase in plastics and other materials was on the rise. The need to keep our towns and cities clean became apparent. Ghana produces 2,200 tonnes of waste in the capital Accra every day and 146,000 tonnes of waste produced per year with 400 tonnes of uncollected waste every day according to the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA). UNICEF ranked Ghana in relation to waste management 48 in Africa, out of the 52 countries reported and 14 out of the 15 countries in West Africa, beating only Niger to the last position. Waste management is a problem in Ghana and one of the reasons is the lack of rubbish bins in the City. The Metal Product Design Section on KNUST is reasonably clean with rubbish bins being provided at every class room. But the inadequate and unauthorized pasting of posters and banners on white boards, notice boards, walls and trees is not anything to write home about.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The Metal product Design Section, which is one of the neatest and well organized sections on the KNUST campus, has been plagued with inappropriate and unauthorized placing of flyers and posters on walls, trees, notice boards and white boards for advertisement purposes as well as indiscriminate disposal of organic and inorganic waste products.

OBJECTIVES
The Project will;
1. Create a platform for advertisement to the students and lecturers of the department.
2. Aid in the management of organic and inorganic waste products from the section by sorting them out.
3. Prevent the inappropriate and unauthorized pasting of posters and flyers on walls, trees, notice boards and white boards.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Can adverts be displayed on it?
2. Can it categorize waste products?
3. Will it have multiple rubbish bins?
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will be carried out in the Metal Product Design Section of KNUST.
LIMITATIONS
1. Scalability of the project.
2. Expense
IMPORTANCE
1. Will provide space for advertising and promoting brands to the public.
2. Will be an alternative to sticking posters and flyers on trees and walls.
3. It will help to manage and properly dispose of waste products in the Metal Product Design Section of KNUST.
METHODOLOGY
1. Interviews
2. Observation
SOURCES
1. Internet
2. Television
3. Interviews
FACILITIES
1. Art Library
2. KNUST Library

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Brief History of advertising
Much of traditional marketing practice prior to the twentieth century remained hidebound by rules-of-thumb and lack of information. Information technology, especially since the mid-twentieth century, has given the marketer new channels of communication as well as enhanced means of aggregating and analyzing marketing data. Specializations have emerged (especially sales versus marketing and advertising versus retailing) and re-combined (business development) over the years.
In this information age that we find ourselves we must admit that information is key. Everybody has something to say and wants to be heard and understood especially the youth. Students like to voice out their views without regards to authority and laws that enforce the means through which we make ourselves heard. Pasting posters and flyers on walls and trees, white boards and notice boards are not legitimate and illegal means of getting yourself heard. The printing of posters and flyers for advertising began about 200 hundred years ago. They were and still are attractive eye-catching designs in the form of text, pictures or a mixture of both to inform readers about events, to get them to purchase a specific product, to make them aware of a political viewpoint or just to let them know about something.
The rapid and sometimes unlawful way in which information is made available to the public has emphasized the degradation of the value of information especially among students. There are unconventional ways of advertising such as Guerilla marketing has made it possible for small scale businesses and enterprises to advertise themselves at low cost..
Guerrilla marketing is an advertising strategy in which low-cost unconventional means (graffiti, sticker bombing, flash mobs) are utilized, often in a localized fashion or large network of individual cells, to convey or promote a product or an idea. The objective of guerrilla marketing is to create a unique, engaging and thought-provoking concept to generate buzz, and consequently turn viral. The term was coined and defined by Jay Conrad Levinson in his book Guerrilla Marketing (1984). The term has since entered the popular vocabulary and marketing textbooks. Brief History of bins

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
In simple terms research can be defined as a systematic and scientific investigation to establish facts. This stems out mainly as a result of a search for knowledge about the unknown. The discovery or result of research is to the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of matters. Research comprises of divers parts which must all work together, parts such as the classes of research, characteristics of research, research designs and research methods.
The Classes of Research
Here there are two main kinds of classes namely applied and basic research. Applied research is geared towards solving an immediate or practical problem while the basic research is to add to existing human knowledge.
Justification of Applied Research
I will use applied research in order to provide a solution to the problem of people pasting posters and other print advertising materials on unauthorized and unlawful places and to provide a means of categorizing the waste material being disposed into organic and inorganic waste.
Justification of Research Design
The above mentioned method will be used with myself as the data gathering instrument. Data will be collected from interviews and searches on the internet in the form of words and pictures. Being the main instrument for gathering information I will be able to draw informative conclusions and comments.
Research Methods
For the sake of the related study the following research methods will be used;
• Historical Research
• Descriptive Research
• Exploratory Research
Historical Research Method
Historical research is involved with the study of events and collection of data to help understand past events and their implications on present and future events. It is an effort to tell the story of “what was”.
Descriptive Research
Descriptive research is also called Statistical Research. The main goal of this type of research is to describe accurately situations or events, such as a social condition, or the data and characteristics about what is being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how.
Exploratory Research
Exploratory research is a form of research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution.
Studio Research Method
This research method deals with the practical aspect of the project. It is either done in the studio under the guidance of an instructor or with the help of a research assistant.
Justification of Research Methods
• The use of historical research will help the researcher to have a clearer picture of past events, and how they affect the present.
• Descriptive research will be used to gain a better understanding of a topic. It will also be used to describe the steps which will be used in making the project.
• Exploratory research will be used to help identify the problem clearly and how it affects the members of the Metal Product Design Section.
• Since this research is not a thesis but a project, it will have to be executed in the studio using the studio research method.
Data Gathering Tools
The process of collecting data is called instrumentation. Data collection is a crucial part of research since the commissions of the study are based on what the data reveal. Research tool can be classified under two categories which are known as primary research and secondary research. Primary research involves collecting data that does not already exist while secondary research takes existing research data and analyses it. There are plenty of ways to get this data and some examples are through questionnaires, interviews and direct observation.
For the sake of my study I will employ both the primary and secondary research to obtain valuable information. The tools of instrumentation will be interviews and observation. Most of the interviews will be done one on one or face to face with members of the department.
Observation is either as a participant or a non-participant. For most of the time the non-participant will be employed but occasionally the participant will be employed when the need arises. This will help create several design concepts ffrom which one will be selected for the project.
Sources of Information
• Members of the department.
• Books
• Internet
Facilities for the Study
• Classrooms
• Offices
• Walk ways
• College of Art Library

CHAPTER FOUR
PODUCTION PROCESSES
Idea Development
Based on the data gathered during the field study I decided to make the rubbish bin a twin rubbish bin after I realized that it will be more useful this way. The space for advertisement was initially thought to be made small but thanks to the research I decided to make it big enough to accommodate at least an A2(23.89” X 16.54”). The major area which I put into consideration when designing the adbin was the ergonomics factor. How the adbin will relate with its users and its surroundings. Will it be portable? Can it be used by everyone irrespective of his/her physical abilities? Can it be used indoors? How will it be emptied of its contents? Will the ads be visible to all? These were some of the questions that needed to be answered in the designing of the adbin. Below are some of the initial sketches with footnotes.
These were concept drawings of how the bin should naturally look like.

Was thinking of making it very attractive and eye-catching but I realized that I needed to focus more on the ad space and making it more visible.
I chose this design as the final design because it met all of my requirements; large space for advertising, twin bins for bio degradable and non biodegradable waste products, portable and can be used indoors where the problem is also evident and can be used by human beings efficiently. I named this project I was to construct adbin, this adbin is made of two major parts. The frame, that holds the rubbish bins and also the advertising spaces and allows users to carry and move the adbin and the twin rubbish bins which will contain bio degradable and non-bio degradable waste materials.
I then went on to create a 3D drawing of the selected design and take snapshots of it from different views to give me a very clear idea of what it would look like and its dimensions.
Tools and Materials
The tools and materials which will be used for this work are;
• Measuring tape
• Metal ruler
• Welding equipment
• Hacksaw
• Metal yard ruler
• Iron sheet
• Iron bars(40X40)(60X60)
• Hinges
• Cold chisel
• Hammer
• Blue, Green and Black Oil Paint

Making of the Model
The model will be made with cardboard, sugar paper and glue. I first began by making the frame of the adbin with cardboard. This will be done with the life size measurement being scaled down. The twin rubbish bins will then be moulded and glued together using sugar paper, scissors and glue. They will then be placed in the frame and can be opened just like the life size work.
Production & Finishing Process
I began the production process by measuring the length of the 40X40 and 60X60 bars I would need to do my work. The length of the work is 3 feet (34 inches), the height is 2.5 feet (30 inches) and the breadth is 1.5 feet (18 inches). I cut the Iron bars accordingly and began to weld them together to form the frame of the adbin.
The next step was to measure and cut out the iron sheet which will be fitted into the fram to serve as the advertising space. I needed to cut two of the same pieces since it was to be used on both sides of the adbin.

With the advertising spaces cut out I now had to weld the iron sheet unto the iron bars using the welding machine.

The frame with the advertising space was now ready and so all I had to do was to create the twin dust bins which would fit into the space provided. The dimensions for the bin are 1.5 X 1.5 X 2.5 feet (18 X 18 X 30 inches). I carefully measured the required metal and cut it out using a cold chisel and a hammer. I then welded the cut pieces together to form the rubbish bin. The hinges were fixed unto the top cover of the bin to allow it to be easily emptied. Holes were then cut in the front plane of the rubbish bins to serve as an inlet for waste materials.
From here it was now time to finish the work. I sprayed the adbin using black oil paint for the frame and blue oil paint for one of the rubbish bins which stands for non-bio degradable and green for the other which will receive bio degradable waste materials. I allowed the paint to dry to complete the work.
Problems En-counted
Some of the problems encountered during production was as a result of not firmly welding the joints which later had to be re-welded to keep the work accurate and robust.

CHAPTER 5
(Summary, Conclusion, Recommendations)
Summary
This is the summary of the fabrication of the adbin done by Kekeli Buckner.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study sekked to produce a rubbish bin which would address the inappropriate and unauthorized placing of flyers and posters on walls, trees, notice boards and white boards for advertisement purposes as well as indiscriminate disposal of organic and inorganic waste products in the Metal Product Design Section of KNUST.
Specifically, this study endeavored to answer the following:
1. Can adverts be displayed on it?
2. Can it categorize waste products?
3. Will it have multiple rubbish bins?
The design was centered on these questions and a desired result which answers these questions was achieved.

Conclusion
Recommendations