F7 Essay Kinetics
F7 Essay Writing (Kinetics)
Q. Write an essay on factors which affect the rate of reactions and discuss the uses of kinetic studies.
Outlines:
(I) Factors affecting the Rate of Reaction (a) temperature ---- collision of molecules with different velocities and kinetic energies ---- Collision Theory and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ---- Arrhenius equation and Activation energy
(b) concentration ---- frequency of collisions and effective collisions
(c) pressure ---- for reaction involving gases only (solids and liquids are not compressible) ---- frequency of collisions and effective collisions
(d) surface area ---- state of subdivision and the area of contact opened to reactant molecules
(e) light ---- e.g. photosynthesis and formation of silver salts on photographic film
(f) catalyst ---- definition of catalyst ---- providing new reaction pathway with lower activation energy ---- effect shown by Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
(II) Uses of Kinetic Studies --- optimization of industrial production of chemicals (max. yield, min. raw materials, min. fuel and shortest time)
--- strategy of slowing down some undesirable reactions (e.g. rusting, deterioration of food)
--- archaeological investigations (e.g. carbon-14 dating)
--- understanding of reaction mechanisms (e.g. SN2) ~ Sample Essay ~
Chemical kinetics is the studies of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors affect them. Chemical reactions proceed at a rate which is influenced by a number of factors depending on the experimental conditions. In this essay, a brief review on these factors and the applications of kinetic studies will be presented.
Temperature
The most well-known method to make reactions go faster is to heat the reactants. Reactant particles are moving at different velocities, some collision between them
Q. Write an essay on factors which affect the rate of reactions and discuss the uses of kinetic studies.
Outlines:
(I) Factors affecting the Rate of Reaction (a) temperature ---- collision of molecules with different velocities and kinetic energies ---- Collision Theory and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ---- Arrhenius equation and Activation energy
(b) concentration ---- frequency of collisions and effective collisions
(c) pressure ---- for reaction involving gases only (solids and liquids are not compressible) ---- frequency of collisions and effective collisions
(d) surface area ---- state of subdivision and the area of contact opened to reactant molecules
(e) light ---- e.g. photosynthesis and formation of silver salts on photographic film
(f) catalyst ---- definition of catalyst ---- providing new reaction pathway with lower activation energy ---- effect shown by Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
(II) Uses of Kinetic Studies --- optimization of industrial production of chemicals (max. yield, min. raw materials, min. fuel and shortest time)
--- strategy of slowing down some undesirable reactions (e.g. rusting, deterioration of food)
--- archaeological investigations (e.g. carbon-14 dating)
--- understanding of reaction mechanisms (e.g. SN2) ~ Sample Essay ~
Chemical kinetics is the studies of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors affect them. Chemical reactions proceed at a rate which is influenced by a number of factors depending on the experimental conditions. In this essay, a brief review on these factors and the applications of kinetic studies will be presented.
Temperature
The most well-known method to make reactions go faster is to heat the reactants. Reactant particles are moving at different velocities, some collision between them