An indwelling urinary catheter obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow. The presence of a catheter in the urethra breaches the natural defenses of the body. Reflux of microorganisms up the catheter lumen from the drainage bag or backflow of urine in the tubing increases the risk of infection.…
Introduction: In this lab we will learn how the kidney processes blood and produces urine.…
Urine output: 300 light yellow and clear, no odor unusual via Foley cath, bowel movement x2. No drains noted.…
The dialysis tube was rinsed with tap water and placed in a culture dish, the tautness of the tube was documented, and the initial solutions inside the bag were recorded.…
“Enzyme X is a highly pigmented protein that imparts the characteristic color to certain blue-green algae. It also facilitates a reaction necessary to the survival of this species; we can follow the kinetics of this reaction by measuring the conversion of Substance X to Substance Y at various times during purification.”…
* George Beadle and Edward Tatum worked together with mutated (Neurospora crass) bread mold to figure out that they were missing a specific enzyme (gene) that catalyzed and synthesized a pathway required. They concluded that they were missing that enzyme because it was lacking the amino acid that coded for the enzyme, thus was mutated and incapable of growing. Led to the one enzyme-one gene hypothesis.…
Here, acid-base balance and waste removal is achieved. This process is achieved by passive diffusion that involves the movement of molecules from the peritubular capillaries to the interstitial fluid within the nephron. It also involves active transport involving the movement of molecules via ATPase pumps that transport the substance through the renal epithelial cell into the lumen of the nephron (Boundless, 2016). This process differs from the reabsorption process in that it filters and cleans substances form the blood and do not retain them. Some of these substances include, potassium ions, hydrogen ions, urea, hormones, and others. Failure of the kidney to undergo this process allows wastes to be backed up in the system which endangers the organ systems in the…
Kidneys play a vital role for the human body. The kidneys act as a filter, as they control chemicals that are introduced to the body and regulate the urine that will be excreted. “The kidneys must filter all blood, remove waste products, reabsorb selected substances needed by the body, and secrete what is not needed by the body in the form of urine” (Linn-Watson,2014). The urinary system consists of two kidneys, each of which is connected to the bladder by a ureter. The urine flows from the kidneys, to the bladder via the ureters. Then from the bladder, the urine is excreted from the body by the urethra. This process can be very simple, but when there are pathologies present the process becomes complicated. Duplex collecting systems is the main topic and how it may become complicated by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and ureterocele will be covered in this paper.…
In this week's forum one of the question ask is, how big is my protein footprint? It also asks, does a meat rich diet have a negative impact on our environment? And does it contribute to global warming? With a very small percentage of Americans following a vegetarian diet. I will say that my protein footprint is about the same as the majority of the US population. I understand that a good source of protein can be found in nuts, black beans and lentils. However the number one source of protein in a US household, comes from a diet full of beef, poultry, fish eggs and dairy products. My protein footprint covers each individual source of proteins with meats being the main source for it. On a daily basis my diet contains some kind of meat. For instance, at breakfast it is a sure thing for me to have eggs or dairy products such as cheese, milk or butter. A typical lunch and dinner for me will have one of the meats with primary poultry or fish and many times with black beans or lentils over rice. To answer the above…
Materials used in this experiment were 6 strips of dialysis tubing, string, cups, distilled water, different concentrations of sucrose solutions.…
Discovered in 1838, proteins are recognized as a large number of superior organic compounds that make up living organisms and are essential for their functioning. In other words proteins are the building blocks of life. They do many tasks for the human body and other organisms, that could not be done individually.…
The experiment wasn’t done in an actual lab, but rather using a computer simulation in order to achieve precision and save time.…
In nephrotic syndrome, it is essential to understand the function and inner workings of the kidneys. The human body requires blood to be circulated in order for organs and tissues to be perfused. The perfusion of blood is enriched with products such as plasma and cells, used to keep the body functioning. Once the products are used to their capacity they need to filtered out and become waste products to be excreted. A portion of these waste products get excreted through the kidneys. The kidneys filter blood and excrete urine (Smith, 2013).…
To start we grabbed 5 strips of dialysis tubing, 10 orange clamps, and beakers labeled 1 through 5. After we got those supplies we soaked the dialysis tubing until it softened. We then clamped on end of each dialysis tube. After this was done we filled each dialysis tube with 10 mL of a specific concentration of liquid and then clamped the other end. One with tap water, one with 20% sucrose, one with 40% sucrose, one with 60% sucrose and another with tap water. We then filled up the beakers with the liquid required, just enough so that it would cover the dialysis tubes when put in there. Beakers 1 through 4 were filled with tap water, while beaker 5 was filled with 40% sucrose. After both the beakers and the tubes were full we gently blotted the filled tubes to remove any access water. Then we weighed each tube to get the start weight. After that we put the tubes in each of their respected beaker: tap water in tap water, 20% sucrose in tap water, 40% sucrose in tap water, 60% sucrose in tap water and finally the…
The Roles of the Nephron of the 120 ml of blood that is filtered by the kidneys each minute, only I ml (that's less than I%) turns into urine that will eventually leave the body (after approximately 300 - 400 mis of it accumulates to fill the bladder!) That leaves 119 ml of fluid called filtrate to be returned back to the blood stream. Good thing, otherwise you would have to micturate (pee, urinate) once every 3 minutes and drink 1 L of fluid every 10 minutes in order to maintain Homeostasis!!! The one million nephrons in each human kidney are amazingly efficient at selectively removing wastes from the blood while at the same time conserving water, salt ions, glucose and other needed materials. The nephrons accomplish this task in 3 main steps; these 3 steps are also called the 3 main roles of the nephron: Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion.…
