Missense mutation is a change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.
2. Nonsense mutation is a change in one DNA base pair. The altered DNA sequence prematurely signals the cell to stop building a protein.
3. Insertion changes the number of DNA bases in a gene by adding a piece of DNA.
4. Deletion changes the number of DNA bases by removing a piece of DNA. Small deletions may remove one or a few base pairs within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes.
5. Duplication consists of a piece of DNA that is abnormally copied one or more times.
6. Frameshift mutation occurs when the addition or loss of DNA bases changes a gene’s reading frame. A reading frame consists of groups of 3 bases that each code for one amino acid. A frameshift mutation shifts the grouping of these bases and changes the code for amino acids.
7. Repeat expansion is when nucleotide repeats are short DNA sequences that are repeated a number of times in a row. A repeat expansion is a mutation that increases the number of times that the short DNA sequence is