Exam Papers Biology 2012
Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission State Examinations Commission Leaving Certificate 2012 Certificate 2012 Marking Scheme Scheme
Biology Design and Communication Graphics
Higher Level
Introduction
The marking scheme is a guide to awarding marks to candidates‟ answers. It is a concise and summarised guide and is constructed in a way to minimise its word content. Examiners must conform to this scheme and may not allow marks for answering outside this scheme. The scheme contains key words or phrases for which candidates may be awarded marks. This does not preclude synonyms or phrases which convey the same meaning as the answer in the marking scheme. Although synonyms are generally acceptable, there may be instances where the scheme demands an exact scientific term and will not accept equivalent non-scientific or colloquial terms. The descriptions, methods and definitions in the scheme are not exhaustive and alternative valid answers are acceptable. If it comes to the attention of the Examiner that a candidate has presented a valid answer and there is no provision in the scheme for accepting this answer, then he/ she must first consult with his/ her Advising Examiner before awarding marks. In general, if in doubt about any answer, examiners should consult their Advising Examiner before awarding marks. A key word may be awarded marks, only if it is presented in the correct context. e.g. Question: Briefly outline how water from the soil reaches the leaf. Marking scheme - concentration gradient/ root hair/ osmosis/ cell to cell/ root pressure/ xylem/ cohesion (or explained)/ adhesion (or capillarity or explained)/ Dixon and Joly/ transpiration or evaporation/ tension any six 6(3) Answer “ Water is drawn up the xylem by osmosis” Although the candidate has presented two key terms (xylem, osmosis), the statement is incorrect and the candidate can only be awarded 3 marks for referring to the movement of water through the
Biology Design and Communication Graphics
Higher Level
Introduction
The marking scheme is a guide to awarding marks to candidates‟ answers. It is a concise and summarised guide and is constructed in a way to minimise its word content. Examiners must conform to this scheme and may not allow marks for answering outside this scheme. The scheme contains key words or phrases for which candidates may be awarded marks. This does not preclude synonyms or phrases which convey the same meaning as the answer in the marking scheme. Although synonyms are generally acceptable, there may be instances where the scheme demands an exact scientific term and will not accept equivalent non-scientific or colloquial terms. The descriptions, methods and definitions in the scheme are not exhaustive and alternative valid answers are acceptable. If it comes to the attention of the Examiner that a candidate has presented a valid answer and there is no provision in the scheme for accepting this answer, then he/ she must first consult with his/ her Advising Examiner before awarding marks. In general, if in doubt about any answer, examiners should consult their Advising Examiner before awarding marks. A key word may be awarded marks, only if it is presented in the correct context. e.g. Question: Briefly outline how water from the soil reaches the leaf. Marking scheme - concentration gradient/ root hair/ osmosis/ cell to cell/ root pressure/ xylem/ cohesion (or explained)/ adhesion (or capillarity or explained)/ Dixon and Joly/ transpiration or evaporation/ tension any six 6(3) Answer “ Water is drawn up the xylem by osmosis” Although the candidate has presented two key terms (xylem, osmosis), the statement is incorrect and the candidate can only be awarded 3 marks for referring to the movement of water through the