Essay and Report Writing

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What is a report?
This is an introductory guide to report writing. It gives some general advice on the content and structure of a report. It is very important for you to consult your Departmental Guidelines or Unit
Guide for advice on the required report format for the units in which you are enrolled.

Differences between the report and the essay
Report
•

is usually a question or a proposition. •

is based on reading and sometimes field work.

is to investigate, present and analyse information thoroughly and logically.

•

is to articulate a well-argued response to the question or proposition. •

is often to recommend action to solve a problem.

•

establishes a proposition.

•

is usually to make proposals.

The reader

•

is established in the topic and is often a client or manager.

•

is usually the lecturer.

The format

•

comprises sections with headings. •

usually does not include sections. The style

•

has to be objective.

•

•

sometimes includes the use of bullet points.

can be subjective, but needs the impersonality suited to academic study.

The purpose

Assessment

is often a problem or case study which sets up a hypothetical situation.

•

The topic

•

is based on reading, field work or practical work.

•

Essay

Success depends on:
•

the demonstration of good research skills

•

the objective presentation and analysis of relevant information. Success depends on:
•

the interest of the argument.

•

how the essay relates one point to the next and how well it establishes the proposition.

Features of reports
1.
Referencing and quotations in reports follow the same guidelines required for essays.
Endnotes are often preferred in an area like Marketing.
2.

For most reports, a system of numbered sections with headings is used. However, some departments do not require this. Again, check with the