Erikson´s Theory: The Second Stages Of Ericson's Theory

Second stage of Erickson’s theory will be autonomy versus shame and doubt. In this stage fall into second year, infant nervous system and muscle nearly develop completely, the endeavour of the child to gain control over the anal zone is the main issue of focus, it give infant develop a sense of autonomy. Infant need to learn how to take care of themselves, such as able control and to go toilet without assistance from adult. If parent able to guide with patience especially in toilet training and at the same time giving freedom to their children to explore, then infant will be able to create a sense of control and autonomy. Strength of “Will” also able to develop. According Capps (2011), “Will” can be defined as “unbroken determination to exercise
In this stage, adolescence is under puberty, hormone generated, physical grown rapidly and sex organ develops. Other than that, adolescence also concern about he or she self-image, and also role as an adult and future career issues. “Who am I?” is the common question that came to adolescence mind. The main crisis needs to be resolve will be self-recognition, direction and the meaning of life. In the core of the endeavour aimed to find an identity is the search for “wholeness” that Erikson (1964) calls “a sense of inner identity. The young person, in order to experience wholeness, must feel a progressive continuity between that which he conceives himself to be and that which he perceives others to see in him and to expect of him”.If adolescent able clarify his identity, ability and role, then they will develop a strength of “fidelity”, and it refer to ability to sustain loyalties to their own decision without easily influence by different value. If adolescence unable to clarify his identity and unable to accept oneself, that will result in identity confusion, rebel, avoidance, easily give up, loss of direction and so on. Furthermore it can also cause individual reluctant to make decision or make any