erikson

Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development behaviors that may be associated with healthy and unhealthy expressions of the self’s development and ego boundary growth during Erikson’s first five development and ego boundary growth during Erikson’s first five psychosocial stages. Infancy (1st year) Trust vs. Mistrust If needs are met, infant develops a sense of basic trust Outward signs of Healthy Growth I. Expressions of Trust 1. invests in relationships 2. open, non-suspicious attitudes 3. lets mother go 4. welcomes touching 5. good eye contact 6. shares self and possessions Outward signs of Unhealthy Growth I. Expressions of Mistrust 1. avoids relationship 2. suspicious, closed, guarded 3. unwilling to let mother go 4. loner and unhappy 5. poor eye contact 6. does not share self or possessions Toddler (2nd year) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt II. Expressions of autonomy 1. independent 2. not easily led 3. resists being dominate 4. able to stand on own two feet 5. works well alone or with others 6. assertive when necessary Toddler strives to learn independence and self-confidence II. Expressions of shame and doubt 1. procrastinates frequently 2. has trouble working alone 3. need structure and directions 4. has trouble making decisions 5. is easily influenced 6. Embarrassed when complimented Preschooler (3-5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt Preschooler learns to initiate tasks and grapples with self-control III. Expressions of initiative 1. is a self-starter 2. accepts challenges 3. assumes leadership roles 4. sets goals- goes after them 5. moves easily, freely with body Elementary School III. Expressions of guilt 1. gets depressed easily 2. puts self down 3. slumped posture 4. poor eye contact 5. has low energy level Competency vs. Inferiority (6 years to puberty) IV. Expressions of industry 1. wonders how things work 2. finishes what starts 3. likes ‘projects’ 4. enjoys learning 5. like to experiment Adolescence (teen years) V. Expressions of identity 1. certain about sex role identity 2. active interest in opposite sex Child leans either to feel effective or inadequate IV. Expressions of inferiority 1. timid, somewhat withdrawn 2. overly obedient 3. procrastinates often 4. an observer, not a producer 5. questions own ability Identity vs. Role Confusion Teenager works at developing a sense of self by testing roles, then integrating them to form a single identity. V. Expressions of identity confusion 1. doubts about sex role identity 2. lacks confidence