The Ratification of The Equal rights Amendment Throughout American history men oppressed women mentally, physically, and politically. By 1920, women got the right to vote under the 19th amendment. After women gained suffrage, Alice Paul an American suffragist, wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. Ultimately, the Equal Rights Amendment, which would have boosted gender equality, was not ratified because of the conservatives and the male domination of the State Legislature.…
Staring in the early 1940’s, due to World War II, there were a large amount of American women taking jobs in war businesses. In 1942, the National War Board asked the…
On June 28th, 1914 Gavrilo Princip, of Sarajevo, assassinated the Archduke and heir to the throne of Austria, Franz Ferdinand (Collins, 2008, p. 9). Thirty-seven days later World War I began, and with it, so did what some see as the beginnings of women entering the workplace. The Munitions of War Act of 1915 moved twenty-one percent of Britain’s wives, sisters, mothers and daughters into the workforce (Woolacott, 1994, p. 17). Factory workers became soldiers and the women in their lives became factory workers. By 1941, and the United States’ entrance into World War II, 18.9 million American women had entered the workforce as well (Weak-Baxter, 2010, p.14). Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor and patriotism was welling just as strong in American women as it was in American men. Now,…
Women made up 49.83% of the nation’s 132 million jobs in June of 2009; for the first time in American history, “Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in women's roles and massive job losses for men during this recession” (Cauchon). Just as the current recession has impacted the way that women exist in the workforce, so too did past national events influence women’s roles in the workplace. In the early twentieth century, it was rare for women to work outside of the home; World War II, with its incredibly high draft rate, left a labor gap in the United States that made it necessary for women to enter the workforce in record numbers. Although many women were discriminated against in various industries, especially women of non-white ethnic and racial backgrounds, the changes that occurred in the 1940s laid the groundwork for allowing women to become a vital part of the workforce.…
The Equal Rights Amendment was first introduced to congress in 1923. The national women’s party proposed this amendment to congress. The national women’s party and feminist in the 1960’s and into the beginning of the 1970’s viewed the ERA as the best way to eliminate gender based discrimination in the United States. The National Organization of Women budged for the Equal Rights Amendment to be passed in the early 1970’s. Achieving this amendment would take two steps. The first step is the congress had to propose two-thirds majority in the house and senate. The second step is that three-fourths of the states have to ratify or agree to wanting this amendment to be enforced in their state.…
The two parties had very different perspectives on the case. The African American's found the law violating the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The equal protection law of the fourteenth amendment is set in place so a state cannot treat one individual differently than another individual. The amendment grants equal protection to everyone. Although, the court ruled that the fourteenth amendment was only to, "create absolute equality of the races before the law". This law included that everyone was granted political and civil rights. But, these rights only extended so far. The African American population stated they did not have any social rights. Justice John Marshall Harlan spoke siding with the African Americans, saying…
The Virginia Military Institute was a higher education school in Virginia. It claimed to train the leaders of the future, or “citizen-soldiers” and impart to its students great discipline; however, it only enrolled male students. In 1996, the United States government sued the state of Virginia and the Virginia Military Institute for its male-only policy as a violation of the Fourteenth amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. The District Court ruled in the school’s favor. The Fourth Circuit “reversed and ordered Virginia to remedy the constitutional violation” (Van Camp). In return, Virginia proposed a similar program for women: the Virginia Women’s Institute for Leadership, which would be located at Mary Baldwin College, a private liberal arts…
For centuries, equal rights have been a problem for countries. America was depicted as the home of the free and was a growing country in progress. Immigrants planned on seeking refuge in America and later save enough money to go back to their home country. Later, immigrants decided on settling in America and to raise their family in hopes of a better future for their children. Their home country may have been going through a phase of a war, discrimination, or environmental issues. Long ago, women soon began to grow tired of being a housewife and soon demanded equality. However, with the help of many inspirational leaders, this gave the lives of many to have equal rights and tremendous progress has been shaped then by how it was before.…
With all the men off fighting in the war, women were left to take over positions in society and the workplace that were previously occupied by men. This was a welcome change, as most women were happy with the new opportunities for employment. The majority of women were employed in manufacturing industries approved by the government. Other women took jobs in…
Because of this, many women had to leave their farms and homes and began working “as streetcar conductors, radio operators, and in steel mills and logging camps during the war” (02.03.09: How War Changed the Role of Women in the United States. n.d.). Women also played other key supporting roles during the war such as growing food, washing clothes of the soldiers, sewing clothing for uniforms, and working in ammunition factories. Most of the time women were paid less than their male counterparts doing the same work ((02.03.09: How War Changed the Role of Women in the United States.…
Women of WWII Imagine being in WWII United States with 350,000 women in Armed Forces at home and in uniform. Between 1940 and 1945 the female workforce percentage increased from 27% to about 37%. By 1945 nearly 1 out of every 4 married women worked away from home. Women were an important part in WWII because they didn't give up. Women worked for the airforce, Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps, and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, just to name some of many important jobs.…
During World War II a large number of American women began working, and in 1942 the National War Labor Board urged employers to voluntarily adjust wage and salary rates for females to that of men for…
During World War I many men had to leave their jobs in order to serve in the army. So, their jobs were vacated and also new jobs were being created as a result of the war, for example, in the munition factories. The massive job increase and lack of man-power, resulted in women being employed. Initially, there was…
* Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): a constitutional amendment originally introduced in congress in 1923 and passed by congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex." despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. DID NOT RATIFY…
Equal Pay Act of 1963 The Equal Pay Act of 1963 established the requirements that women should receive equal pay for their amount of work. The history of this act was to end gender-based discrimination in labor wages. Throughout history women have been paid less than men even when employed in the same jobs. It was accepted in the U.S that men deserved to earn more money than women, even if their work was exactly the same. The mindset was that men were the heads of the households and they are the primary income producer in their families.…