ENL 2103 Assigment 1

English For Academic Purposes
ENL 2103

Group Assignment 1

Name: Kong Sze Wen (I14005395) Lim Bee Kay (I14005448) Chew Lian Yoke (I14005446) Ng Sheim Jie (I14005884)
Submission Date:2/9/2014
Lecturer: Ms Kasturi Murugan
Marks: /5

Avoiding Fragments
A sentence fragment is a word, phrase, or dependent clause that is punctuated as a sentence, but the subject, verb, or both may be missing. Though sentence fragments may be used for effect in certain types of writing, fragments are generally not used in academic or professional writing. To avoiding fragments is the sentence, like many other things, is a large item composed of smaller items. Considered as a large item, it is sometimes difficult to understand. Therefore, we will begin with the smallest, simplest elements that make up a sentence, gradually moving toward the large, more complicated ones.
Source: (http://writingcommons.org/stylecc/grammar/517-avoid-sentence-fragments)
( http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleFRAG.htm)
Functional fragments are also only parts of sentences, however, they are usually intentional on the part of a writer, especially a fiction writer, because people often speak in fragments and written dialogue mirrors human speech. For example: She curled her lip and said, “Yeah, like I gotta listen to you?” Yet, despite their being suitable in such instances as these, fragments should be avoided in more formal expository writing.
Source: (https://suite.io/carol-rzadkiewicz/21kw20v)
To avoid fragments, it is helpful to review what a complete sentence is. A complete sentence contains a subject and predicate. It is also contains a logically complete idea that conveys information. For example: She will go shopping. In this example, she is a subject and shopping is a predicate. So far, this is a complete sentence because it has a subject and predicate, and is a complete thought. But most sentences are more complicated than this.
Source: (http://www.slideshare.net/lakshmibvn/avoiding-sentence-fragments-9157067)
To further understand how to avoid fragments, it’s necessary to look at the difference between independent and dependent clauses. An independent clause is a group of words that can stand alone and be considered a complete sentence. For example: They will go jogging after they finished their homework. In this example, they will go jogging is an independent and after they finished their homework is a dependent. The word “after” is a subordinating conjunction, and putting this word before “they finished their homework” is an independent clause turns it into a dependent clause. Therefore, “after they finished their homework” cannot be a complete sentence.
Source: (http://www.slideshare.net/lakshmibvn/avoiding-sentence-fragments-9157067)
A sentence fragment be revised to create a complete sentence must look for misplaced periods that may incorrectly separate words into incomplete sentences. Add the missing subject or verb to create a complete sentence. Join two or more fragments into a complete sentence, subject and predicate must both be included with using appropriate punctuation. Finally, combine the fragment with a nearby complete sentence, using appropriate punctuation.
Source: (http://writingcommons.org/stylecc/grammar/517-avoid-sentence-fragments)
If you are writing to impress people, do not using fragments sentence. Because it’s missing a verb or part of a verb string. Many writer use incomplete sentence and fragments sentence here and there. Everyone today, particularly young people, is much more comfortable with fragments than our elderly relatives were. They should learn how to recognize sentence errors. However, don’t write fragment that lacks a complete thought. The most common type of fragment sentence usually beginning with a subordinate conjunction such as for, an, nor, but, or, yet and so.
Source: (http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-avoid-writing-sentence-fragments.html)
The purpose of writing is to communicate, and in order for information to be shared efficiently and clearly, it is very important to maintain proper sentence structure. Fragments can disrupt the flow of ideas in a paper and even cause misinterpretation on the reader’s part.
Source: (http://www.slideshare.net/lakshmibvn/avoiding-sentence-fragments-9157067) To avoiding sentence fragment always check if every sentence you write provides complete information and makes logical sense. Be able to recognize subordinators when you see them and the relationships they indicate. When you find a subordinator, identify the dependent clause and make sure it is attached to an independent clause.
Source: (http://www.slideshare.net/lakshmibvn/avoiding-sentence-fragments-9157067)

Comma Splices and Run-ons
A comma splice is the use of a comma to join two independent clauses. For example: It is nearly six o’clock evening, they cannot reach home before dark. Although acceptable in some languages and compulsory in others, comma splices are usually considered style errors in English. Some English style guides consider comma splices appropriate in certain situations, such as when being poetic or with short, similar phrases. A run-on is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction. This is generally considered a stylistic error, though it is occasionally used in literature and may be used as a rhetorical device. Two types of run-on sentences are fused sentences and comma splices. An example of a run-on is a comma splice, in which two independent clauses are joined with a comma without an accompanying coordinating conjunction. A comma splice consists of two or more independent clauses that follow one another and are incorrectly linked together only with a comma (or commas). The coordinating conjunction is missing. For example: Lily play the guitar, Alex writes the music. A fused sentence consists of two independent clauses, but both the comma and coordinating conjunction are missing. He writes the music she plays the piano.‘ She writes the music’ and ‘he plays the guitar’ are each independent clause, containing a subject and a verb and expressing complete thoughts. ‘He plays the guitar’ is an independent clause that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and is grammatically correct. The mere fact that a sentence is long does not make it a run-on sentence. The sentences are run-ons only when they contain more than one independent clause. A run-on sentence can be very short, for example: I cook she washes.
Source: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_splice , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-on_sentence , http://www.bucks.edu/media/bcccmedialibrary/pdf/AvoidingRun-OnsCommaSplicesFragmentsJuly08.pdf)
There are four acceptable ways to fix comma splice and run-on errors. Frist, join the two independent clauses with a semicolon (;). For example, John is doing his homework; that is why he has not watching television. Next, make each independent clause a separate sentence by using end punctuation like a period, question mark, or exclamation point. For example, John is watching television. That is why he has not watching television. Make one of the independent clauses a dependent clause. For example, since John is doing his homework, that is why he has not watching television. Last, connect the two independent clauses with a comma plus a coordinating conjunction like and, but, for, so, or, yet. For example, John is doing his homework, and that is why he has not watching television.
Source: (http://writingcenter.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/writing_tips_handouts/h-run-on.html)
The comma splice and run-on sentence are major punctuation errors that can usually show out in your writing. To correct or avoid these errors a comma splice occurs when only a comma separates two independent sentences. For example: James is preparing for final exams. That is why he has not written.
Source: (http://writingcenter.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/writing_tips_handouts/h-run-on.html)
Moreover, a run-on sentence occurs when no punctuation at all separates independent sentences. In writing your ideas, you usually are concerned with the meaning and detail of your sentences and always don’t pay enough attention to punctuation, especially where one sentence ends and another begins. Next, you can use a comma and coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so to form one smooth sentence. For example: Gary is preparing for final exams, and that is why he has not written.
Besides, separate the independent sentences with a semicolon. The semicolon may be used whether or not the second sentence starts with a transitional word or phrase.
Source: (http://www.stlcc.edu/Student_Resources/Academic_Resources/Writing_Resources/Grammar_Handouts/comma_splice_runon.pdf , http://writingcenter.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/writing_tips_handouts/h-run-on.html)