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1. (a) Write an account on the Emigrants (Muhajrin) and the Helpers (Ansar) [10]

Emigrants:
In Makkah the growing persecution was unbearable
Their properties, lives and families were in danger
Permission for migration was given
The Makkan Muslims moved to Madinah and were known as Emigrants .
Some Emigrants had to leave their other family members
Most of them had left their properties and possessions and were now penniless
Reference: ‘Those who believed and migrated and strove hard and fought in Allah’s Cause with their wealth and their lives are far higher in degree with Allah. They are successful.’ (Qur’an 9:20)
They left all their worldly possession and obeyed the call of the Prophet ﷺ))
Proved their trust in Allah and loyalty to the Prophet ﷺ))
For which their reward is a high position in the life hereafter
The ten blessed companions were among them

Helpers:
Ansar means helper, in Islamic terminology Ansars were the helpers who assisted the Muhajrin who assisted them in their difficult time
They belonged to the tribes of Aus and Khazraj, the major tribes of Madina
They had visited Makkah before and invited the Prophet (ﷺ) and his followers to join them in Madina and avoid the persecution in Makkah they had begun their contact in the 10th year of prophet hood (620AD)
They took oaths of allegiance to the Prophet (ﷺ) on the first (12 men) and second (75 men and 2 women) pledges of Aqabah
They helped the Emigrants as they had no shelter or few or no belongings when they entered Madina
The Prophet (ﷺ) established a brotherhood between the two and paired (1 Emigrant and 1 Helper)
They provided protection and material assistance to their Muhajir brothers
They divided their properties and some even offered to divorce their wives for the Emigrants
They stood by the Prophet (ﷺ) in all circumstances
The Prophet said, ‘If the people took one path and the Ansar another, I would choose the path of the Ansars.”

(b) Briefly describe the teachings set down by the Prophet (ﷺ) in Madinah on brotherhood. [4]

As the Emigrants had left their homes and properties, so the Prophet ﷺ)) laid an obligation on the Helpers
Each male Emigrant was paired with a Helper who had to help provide for the Emigrant’s needs till could provide for himself
Muslims from Makkah and Muslims from Madinah were made brothers of one another
After this unique pairing sympathy and kindness was encouraged by the Prophet ﷺ)) and the teaching of Islam that ‘Every Muslim is the brother of every other Muslim’ was put to the test
Every Muslim treated other Muslims equally with kindness and sympathy regardless of their race or colour.